ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).
[cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]
n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]
ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)
sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)
in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)
it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article
but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.
cl. 10. P. ([Dhātup. xxxiii, 109]) vicchayati, to speak or to shine; vicchāyáti ([xxviii, 129]; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 28]), to go (with ny-ā, to press or rub one's self against) : Caus. vicchāyáyati, to press, bring into straits, [ŚBr.] (perhaps, [ChUp. viii, 10, 2]).
cl. 6. P. -vidhati (in [RV.] also °te), to worship, honour a god (dat. loc., or acc.) with (instr.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TBr.]; [BhP.]; to present reverentially, offer, dedicate, [RV.]; [AV.]; to be gracious or kind, befriend (said of Indra), [RV. viii, 78, 7.]
(or vindh) cl. 6. Ā. vindháte, to be destitute or bereft of, lack, want (instr. or acc.), [RV. i, 7, 7]; [viii, 9, 6]; [51, 3.]
biś (or ), cl. 1. P. beśati, to go, [Dhātup. xvii, 71] (= √ pis, q.v.)
cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 130]) viśáti (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also Ā. viśate ; pf. vivéśa, viviśe, [RV.] &c. &c. [viveśitha, viveśuḥ, [RV.]; viviśyās, [ib.]; p. -viśivás, [AV.]; viviśivas or viviśvas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68]; aviveśīs, [RV.]]; aor. áviśran, ávikṣmahi, veśīt, [RV.]; avikṣat, [Br.] &c.; avikṣata Gr.; Prec. viśyāt, [ib.]; fut. veṣṭā, [MBh.]; vekṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. veṣṭum, [MBh.] &c.; veṣṭavai, [Br.]; viśam, [RV.]; ind.p. -viśya, [AV.] &c. &c.), to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (acc. loc., or antar with gen.), pervade, [RV.] &c. &c. (with punar or bhūyas, to re-enter, return, come back); to be absorbed into (acc.), [Bhag.]; (in astron.) to come into conjunction with (acc.), [VarBṛS.]; (with agnim, jvalanam &c.) to enter the fire i.e. ascend the funeral pyre, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; (with apas) to sink or be immersed in the water, [BhP.]; to enter (a house &c.), [Hariv.]; to appear (on the stage), [R.]; [Kām.]; to go home or to rest, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhBr.]; to sit down upon (acc. or loc.), [R.]; [Hariv.]; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas, agre, or acc.), [Ragh.]; [Pur.]; to flow into (and, ‘join with’; applied to rivers and armies), [Rājat. v, 140]; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (acc.), [Hariv.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to occur to (as a thought, with acc.), [R.]; to befall, come to (as death, with acc.), [BhP.]; to belong to, exist for (loc.), [ib.]; to fall or get into any state or condition (acc.), [R.]; [Śāntiś.]; to enter upon, undertake, begin, [R.]; [BhP.]; to mind (any business), attend to (dat.), [MBh. xii, 6955] : Caus. veśáyati, °te (aor. avīviśat; Pass. veśyate), to cause to enter into (acc.), [AV.]; to cause to sit down on (loc.), [BhP.] : Desid. vivikṣati, to wish to enter (acc.), [BhP.]; (with agnim or vahnim) to wish to enter the fire i.e. to ascend the funeral pyre, [Kathās.] : Intens. veviśyate, veveṣṭi, Gr.
víś f. (m. only, [L.]; nom. sg. víṭ; loc. pl. vikṣú) a settlement, homestead, house, dwelling (viśás páti ‘lord of the house’ applied to Agni and Indra), [RV.]
(also pl.) a community, tribe, race (pl. also ‘subjects’, ‘people’, ‘troops’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]
(sg. and pl.) the people κατ᾽ ἐξοχήν, (in the sense of those who settle on the soil; sg. also ‘a man of the third caste’, a Vaiśya; viśām with patiḥ or nāthaḥ or īśvaraḥ &c., ‘lord of the people’, a king, sovereign), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.
cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 56]) vetti (vidmahe, [Br.]; vedati, °te, [Up.]; [MBh.]; vidáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; vindati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; Impv. vidāṃ-karotu, [Pañcat.] [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41]]; 1. sg. impf. avedam, 2. sg. avet or aves [[Pāṇ. viii, 2, 75]] [RV.] &c. &c.; 3. pl. avidus, [Br.] [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 109]]; avidan, [MBh.] &c.; pf. véda [often substituted for pr. vetti cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 83]], 3. pl. vidús or vidre, [RV.]; viveda, [MBh.] &c.; vidāṃcakā́ra, [Br.] &c. [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 38]; accord. to [Vop.] also vidām-babhūva]; aor. avedīt, [ib.]; vidām-akran, [TBr.]; fut. veditā́, [ŚBr.]; vettā, [MBh.] fut. vediṣyati, °te, [Br.]; [Up.]; vetsyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; inf. véditum, °tos, [Br.]; vettum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. viditvā́, [Br.] &c.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with acc., in older, language also with gen.; with inf. = to know how to), [RV.] &c. &c. (viddhi yathā, ‘know that’; vidyāt, ‘one should know’, ‘it should be understood’; ya evam veda [in [Br.]], ‘who knows thus’, ‘who has this knowledge’); to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (esp. in 3. pl. vidus, with two acc. or with acc. and nom. with iti, e.g. taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ, ‘they consider or call him aged’; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ, ‘they consider me a Rājarṣi’), [Up.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with gen. or acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to experience, feel (acc. or gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to wish to know, inquire about (acc.), [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] : Caus. vedáyate (rarely °ti; aor. avīvidat; Pass. vedyate), to make known, announce, report, tell, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to teach, explain, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Nir.]; to recognize or regard as, take for (two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to feel, experience, [ŚBr.]; [Mn.] &c.: Desid. of Caus. in vivedayiṣu, q.v.: Desid. vividiṣati or vivitsati, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc.), [ŚBr.]; &c. : Intens. vevidyate, vevetti Gr.
[cf. Gk. εἶδον for ἐϝιδον, οἶδα for ϝοιδα = veda; Lat. videre; Slav. věděti; Goth. witan, wait; Germ. wizzan, wissen; Angl.Sax. wât; Eng. wot.]
víd m. the planet Mercury, [VarBṛS.] (cf. 2. jña)
víd f. knowledge understanding, [RV.]; [KauṣUp.]
(pl.), [Bhām.]
(originally identical with √ 1. ) cl. 6. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 138]) vindáti, °te (Ved. also vitté, vidé; p. vidāná or vidāna [q.v.]; ep. 3. pl. vindate Pot. vindyāt, often = vidyāt; pf. vivéda [3. pl. vividus Subj. vividat], vividvás, 3. pl. vividre, vidré, [RV.] &c. &c.; p. vividvás, [RV.]; vividivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68]; aor. ávidat, °data, [ib.] 3. [Ved. Subj. vidā́si, °dā́t; Pot. vidét, deta, [VS.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; sg. videṣṭa, [AV. ii, 36, 3]]; Ā. 1. sg. avitsi, [RV.]; [Br.]; fut. vettā, vediṣyati Gr.; vetsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. vidé, [RV.]; vettum, [MBh.] &c.; véttave, [AV.]; °ttavai [?] and °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. vittvā́, [AV.]; [Br.]; -vidya, [Br.] &c.), to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess, [RV.] &c. &c. (with diśas, to find out the quarters of the sky, [MBh.]) ; to get or procure for (dat.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to seek out, look for, attend to, [RV.] &c. &c.; to feel, experience, [Cāṇ.]; to consider as, take for (two acc.), [Kāv.]; to come upon, befall, seize, visit, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; (Ā. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scil. bhāryām), [RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; to obtain (a son, with or scil. sutam), [BhP.] : Pass. or Ā. vidyáte (ep. also °ti; p. vidyamāna [q.v.]; aor. avedi), to be found, exist, be, [RV.] &c. &c.; (esp. in later language) vidyate, ‘there is, there exists’, often with na, ‘there is not’; with bhoktum, ‘there is something to eat’; followed by a fut., ‘is it possible that?’, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 146], Sch.; yathā-vidé, ‘as it happens’ i.e. ‘as usual’, ‘as well as possible’, [RV. i, 127, 4] &c. : Caus. vedayati, to cause to find &c., [MBh.] : Desid. vividiṣati or vivitsati, °te Gr. (cf. vivitsita) : Intens. vevidyate, vevetti, [ib.] (for p. vévidat and °dāna See vi- and saṃ√ vid).
(ifc.) finding, acquiring, procuring (see anna-, aśva-, ahar-vid &c.)
cl. 7. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxix, 13]) vintte, to consider as, take for (two acc.), [Bhaṭṭ.]
(cf. √ vic) cl. 6. Ā. vijáte (mc. also vijati and vejate, and accord. to [Dhātup. xxix, 23] and [xxv, 12] also cl. 1. P. vinakti, and cl. 3. P. Ā. vevekti, vevikte; pf. vivije, 3. pl. °jre, [RV.]; aor. vikthās, vikta, [ib.]; avijīt, avijiṣṭa Gr.; fut. vijitā, [ib.]; vijiṣyati, [MBh.]; vejiṣyati, [Śatr.]; inf. vijitum Gr.), to move with a quick darting motion, speed, heave (said of waves), [ŚBr.]; to start back, recoil, flee from (abl.), [RV.]; [AV.] : Caus. vejayati (aor. avīvijat), to speed, accelerate, [PañcavBr.]; to increase (see vejita); to terrify (see id.) : Desid. vivijiṣati Gr.: Intens. vevijyáte (p. vévijāna), to tremble at (dat.), start or flee from (abl.), [RV.]
víp mfn. inwardly stirred or excited, inspired, [RV.]
víp f. ‘easily moved or bent, flexible (?)’, a switch, rod &c., the shaft (of an arrow), the rods (which form the bottom of the Soma filter, and support the straining cloth), [RV.]
(cf. √ biṭ and viṭ; prob. artificial and of doubtful connection with the following words) cl. 1. P. veḍati, to call, cry out, curse, swear, [Dhātup. ix, 30] v.l.; to break, [W.]
bis (or ) cl. 4. bisyati, to go, move, [Naigh. ii, 14]; to split or grow, [Nir. ii, 24]; to urge on, incite, [Dhātup. xxvi, 108]; to cast, throw, [Vop.]
cl. 3. P. viveṣṭi (only [RV.] cf. Intens.; here and ep. also cl. 1. P. véṣati cf. below; Subj. vivéḥ, víveṣaḥ, [RV.]; pf. viveṣa, viviṣuḥ, [ib.] [áviveṣīḥ, [iv, 22, 5] &c.]; aor. aviṣat, avikṣat Gr.; Impv. viḍḍhí, [AV.]; fut. vekṣyati, °te, [Br.]; veṣṭā Gr.; inf. veṣṭum Gr.; -víṣe, [RV.]; ind.p. viṣṭvī́, [ib.]; -víṣya, [AV.]), to be active, act, work, do, perform, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; (cl. 1. P. véṣati cf. [Dhātup. xvii, 47]) to be quick, speed, run, flow (as water), [ib.]; to work as a servant, serve, [ib.]; to have done with i.e. overcome, subdue, rule, [ib.]; ([Naigh. ii, 8]) to be contained in (acc.), [Tattvak.] : Caus. veṣayati, to clothe, [BhP.] : Intens. (or cl. 3. accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 13]) véveṣṭi, veviṣṭe, to be active or busy in various ways &c., [RV.]; [AV.]; (p. véviṣat) to consume, eat, [ib.] (cf. [Naigh. ii, 8]); (p. véviṣāṇa) aided or supported by (instr.), [RV. vii, 18, 15.]
vi-√ bhā P. -bhāti, to shine or gleam forth, come to light, become visible, appear, [RV.] &c. &c.; to shine upon, illumine, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to procure light i.e. to kindle (fire dat.), [RV. i, 71, 6]; to shine brightly, glitter, be resplendent or beautiful, strike or catch the eye, excel by (instr.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to strike the ear, be heard (as sound), [MBh.]; to seem or appear as, look like (nom. with or without iva, or adv. in -vat), [RV.]; &c.
vi-bhā́ mfn. shining, bright, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]
vi-bhā́ f. light, lustre, splendour, beauty, [Śiś.]; [Sāh.]
vi-√ bhū P. -bhavati, to arise, be developed or manifested, expand, appear, [RV.]; [TS.]; [MuṇḍUp.]; to suffice, be adequate or equal to or a match for (dat. or acc.), [ŚBr.]; to pervade, fill, [PañcavBr.]; to be able to or capable of (inf.), [BhP.]; to exist (in a-vibhavat, ‘not existing’), [KātyŚr.]: Caus. -bhāvayati, to cause to arise or appear, develop, manifest, reveal, show forth, display, [ŚāṅkhBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to pretend, feign, [Kull.] on [Mn. viii, 362]; to divide, separate, [BhP.]; to perceive distinctly, find out, discover, ascertain, know, acknowledge, recognise as (acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to regard or consider as, take for (two acc.), [Kuval.]; to suppose, fancy, imagine, [BhP.]; [Pañcar.]; to think, reflect, [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.]; to suppose anything of or about (loc.), [BhP.]; to make clear, establish, prove, decide, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; to convict, convince, [Yājñ.]; [Daś.] : Pass. of Caus. -bhāvyate, to be considered or regarded as, appear, seem (nom.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. : Desid. See -bubhūṣā: Intens. See -bobhuvat.
vi-bhū́ or vibhu, mf(U/ or vI/)n. (Ved.) being everywhere, far-extending, all-pervading, omnipresent, eternal, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.
abundant, plentiful, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]
mighty, powerful, excellent, great, strong, effective, able to or capable of (inf.), [RV.] &c. &c.
firm, solid, hard, [L.]
vi-bhū́ m. a lord, ruler, sovereign, king (also applied to Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
(ifc.) chief of or among, [VarBṛS.]
a servant, [L.]
the sun, [L.]
the moon, [L.]
N. of Kubera, [L.] ([W.] also ‘ether; space; time; the soul’)
N. of a god (son of Veda-śiras and Tuṣitā), [BhP.]
of a class of gods under Manu Sāvarṇi, [MārkP.]
of Indra under Manu Raivata and under the 7th Manu, [ib.]; [BhP.]
of a son of Viṣṇu and Dakṣiṇā, [BhP.]
of a son of Bhaga and Siddhi, [ib.]
of Buddha, [L.]
of a brother of Śakuni, [MBh.]
of a son of Śambara, [Hariv.]
of a son of Satya-ketu and father of Su-vibhu, [VP.]
of a son of Dharma-ketu and father of Su-kumāra, [ib.]
of a son of Varṣa-ketu or Satya-ketu and father of Ānarta, [Hariv.]
vi-√ bhṛ P. Ā. -bharati, °te, to spread out, spread asunder, [RV.]; [AV.]; (Ā.) to distribute, diffuse, [ib.]; [VS.]; to bear, endure, [MBh.] : Intens. (only -bháribhrat and -jarbhritás), to move hither and thither or from side to side (as the tongue), [RV. ii, 4, 4] : to open the mouth, gape, [ib.] [i, 28, 7.]
vi-√ dhā P. Ā. -dadhāti, -dhatte, to distribute, apportion, grant, bestow, [RV.] &c. &c. (with kāmam, to fulfil a wish); to furnish, supply, procure (with ātmanaḥ, ‘for one's self’), [MBh.]; to spread, diffuse, [RV.]; [AV.]; to put in order, arrange, dispose, prepare, make ready, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Up.]; to divide, parcel out, [Śukas.]; to ordain, direct, enjoin, settle, appoint, [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to form, create, build, establish, found, [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to perform, effect, produce, cause, occasion, make, do, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (like √ kṛ to be translated variously in connection with various nouns, e.g. with siṃhatvam, to change into a lion; with saciva-tām, to assume the office of a minister; with veṣam, to put on a garment; with vṛttim, to secure a maintenance; with upāyam, to devise a means; with mantram, to hold a consultation; with rājyam, to carry on government, rule; with saṃdhim, to conclude peace; with kalaham, to pick up a quarrel ; with vairam, to declare war; with lajjām, to display bashfulness; with kolāhalam, to raise a clamour; with cumbanaṃ, to give a kiss); to make, render (with two acc.), [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to contrive or manage that (yathā), [MBh.]; [R.]; to put or lay on or in, direct towards (loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (with hṛdaye, to take to heart; with agrataḥ, or adhaḥ, to place before or below); to send out, despatch (spies), [Mn. vii, 184]; to take trouble with (dat.), [Kir. i, 3]; to treat, deal with (acc.), [R. ii, 38, 17] : Pass. -dhīyate, to be distributed &c.; to be allotted or intended for (gen.), [Mn. ix, 119]; to be accounted, pass for (nom.), [ib.] [iii, 118] : Caus. -dhāpayati, to cause to put, cause to be laid, [R.]; cause to put in order or arrange or fix, [MW.] : Desid. -dhitsati, °te, to wish to distribute or bestow, [BhP.]; to wish to decide or determine or fix or establish, [Śaṃk.]; to wish to find out or devise (a means), [BhP.]; to wish to procure or acquire, [MBh.]; to wish to perform or accomplish anything, intend, purpose, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [BhP.]; to wish to make or render (two acc.), [BhP.]
vi-dhā́ f. division, part, portion, [ŚBr.]; [Śulbas.] (often ifc. = ‘fold’; cf. eka-, bahu-vidha &c.; also adv. in tri- and dvi-vidhā, q.v.)
vi-√ dhū P. Ā. -dhūnoti, -dhūnute (later also -dhunoti, -dhunute; inf. -dhavitum, or -dhotum), to shake about, move to and fro, agitate, toss about (Ā. also ‘one's self’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to fan, kindle (fire), [MBh.]; to shake off, drive away, scatter, disperse, remove, destroy, [R.]; [Kathās.]; [BhP.] &c.; (Ā.) to shake off from one's self, relinquish, abandon, give up, [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Pass. -dhūyate (ep. also °ti), to be shaken or agitated, [MBh.] : Caus. -dhūnayati, to cause to shake about &c.; to shake violently, agitate, harass, annoy, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.
vi-√ dhṛ P. Ā. -dharati, °te (only pf. -dadhāra), to hold, bear, carry, [BhP.] : Caus. -dhārayati (rarely °te; Ved. inf. -dhartári), to keep asunder or apart, separate, divide, distribute, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Kauś.]; to arrange, manage, contrive, [MBh.]; to keep off, withhold from (abl.), [TĀr.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; to lay hold of, seize, hold fast, [Hariv.]; to check, restrain, [Suśr.]; to support, maintain, [PraśnUp.]; (with vapūṃṣi) to possess or have bodies, [MBh.]; (with manas) to keep the mind fixed upon (loc.), [BhP.]; to preserve, take care of [BhP.] : Intens. (only impf. vy-ádardhar) to divide, separate, [RV.]
m. (for 2. See p. 968, col. 1) a worshipper, one who does homage, [AitBr.]
m. (for 1. See p. 967, col. 2) a rule, formula, injunction, ordinance, statute, precept, law, direction (esp. for the performance of a rite as given in the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda, which accord. to [Sāy.] consists of two parts, 1. Vidhi, ‘precepts or commandments’ e.g. yajeta, ‘he ought to sacrifice’, kuryāt, ‘he ought to perform’; 2. Artha-vāda, ‘explanatory statements’ as to the origin of rites and use of the Mantras, mixed up with legends and illustrations), [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (cf. [IW. 24])
a grammatical rule or precept, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 57]; [72]
any prescribed act or rite or ceremony, [Mn.]; [Kālid.]; [Pañcat.]
use, employment, application, [Car.]
method, manner or way of acting, mode of life, conduct, behaviour, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
a means, expedient for (dat. loc., or comp.; adhvavidhinā, by means of i.e. along the road), [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; [Hit.]
any act or action, performance, accomplishment, contrivance, work, business (ifc. often pleonastically, e.g. mathana-vidhi, the [act of] disturbing), [Yājñ.]; [Śak.] &c.
vi-√ śṝ Pass. -śīryate (aor. -śāri, [RV.]), to be broken or shattered or dissolved, crumble or fall to pieces, waste away, decay, [RV.] &c. &c. ; to be scattered or dispersed, [Hariv.]; to be severed from (abl.), [R.]; to be damaged or destroyed, perish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
vi-√ 1. ci (not always separable from vi- √ ci) P. Ā. -cinoti, -cinute (Impv. -citana, -ciyantu, [RV.]), to segregate, select, pick out, cull, [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; to divide, part (hair), [VS.]; to take away, remove, disperse, [RV.]; [KātyŚr.]; to clear, prepare (a road), [RV.]; to distribute, [ib.]; to gather, collect, [ib.]; [Pañcat.]; to pile or heap up in a wrong way, disarrange, [ŚBr.]
vi-√ 2. ci (cf. prec.) P. -ciketi, -cinoti &c. (pr. p. -cinvat and -cinvāna), to discern, distinguish, [RV.]; [TBr.]; to make anything discernible or clear, cause to appear, illumine, [R.]; to search through, investigate, inspect, examine, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to look for, long for, strive after, [ib.]
vi-√ dā P. -dadāti, to give out, distribute, grant, [R.]
vi-√ dā (or do, not separable fr. √ 4. dā) P. -dāti, or -dyati (ind.p. -ditya), to cut up, cut to pieces, bruise, pound, [VS.]; to untie, release, deliver from (abl.), [ŚBr.]; to destroy, [Hariv.]
vi-√ dṝ P. -dṛṇāti, to tear asunder or to pieces, lacerate, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to cleave, open (aor. Subj. -darṣasi), [RV. viii, 32, 5] : Pass. -dīryate (ep. also °ti), to be torn or rent asunder, split open, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to be torn with grief or anguish, [MBh.]; [R.] : Caus. -dārayati, to cause to burst asunder, rend or tear to pieces, lacerate, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to open, [AitUp.]; [Hariv.]; [Ṛtus.]; to scatter, disperse, [R.]; [Rājat.]; to push away, [Kathās.] : Intens. -dardarīti, to tear or split in pieces, burst asunder, open, [RV.]
vi-√ du (or dū) P. -dunoti, to consume or destroy by burning, [AV.]; Ā. -dunute, -dūyate (ep. also °ti), to be agitated or afflicted or distressed, [MBh.]; [BhP.]
vi-√ dā (or do, not separable fr. √ 4. dā) P. -dāti, or -dyati (ind.p. -ditya), to cut up, cut to pieces, bruise, pound, [VS.]; to untie, release, deliver from (abl.), [ŚBr.]; to destroy, [Hariv.]
m. the hollow between the frontal globes of an elephant, [L.]
N. of a man, [Buddh.]
m. or f. N. of a deity of the Bodhi tree, [ib.]
vi-√ du (or dū) P. -dunoti, to consume or destroy by burning, [AV.]; Ā. -dunute, -dūyate (ep. also °ti), to be agitated or afflicted or distressed, [MBh.]; [BhP.]
, vidura, vidula See under √ 1. vid, p. 963, col. 3.
vi-√ 1. hā Ā. -jihīte, to go apart, become expanded, start asunder, open, fly open, gape, yawn, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.] : Caus.: -hāpayati, to cause to gape, open, [AV.]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]
ind. = svarga, heaven, [Uṇ. iv, 36], Sch.
vi-√ 3. hā P. -jahāti, (ind.p. -hāya See below), to leave behind, relinquish, quit, abandon, [RV.] &c. &c. (with śarīram, prāṇān &c., ‘to abandon the body or life’, to die); to give up, cast off, renounce, resign, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to be deprived of, lose, [Ragh.]; [Sarvad.]; to get rid of or free from (acc.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [BhP.]; to desist from (abl.), [Subh.]; to stop, pause, [VarBṛS.] : Pass. -hīyate (aor. -hāyi), to be left behind, [ŚBr.]; to be inferior to (abl.), [MBh.]; to be lost, [AV.] : Caus. -hāpayati See next: Desid. -jihāsati, to wish to leave or abandon, [HPariś.]
vi-√ hṛ P. -harati (rarely Ā.), to put asunder, keep apart, separate, open, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; to distribute and transpose (verses or parts of verses), [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; to disperse (clouds, opp. to saṃ-√ hṛ), [Hariv.]; (with talāt talam) to shift, let pass from hand to hand, [MBh.]; to divide (also arithmetically), [KātyŚr.]; [Gol.]; to construct (in geom.), [Śulbas.]; to cut off, sever, [MBh.]; to extract from (abl.), [ib.]; to carry away, remove, [Kāv.]; [Rājat.]; to tear in pieces, lacerate, [RV.]; to move on, walk, [ĀśvŚr.]; to spend or pass (time), [Gobh.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to roam, wander through (acc.), [MBh.]; (esp.) to walk or roam about for pleasure, divert one's self, [Gaut.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (with mṛgayām, ‘to go about hunting’, [R.]); to shed (tears), [Śak.] : Desid. See vi-jihīrṣā, °ṣu (p. 960, col. 3).
vi-√ ji Ā. -jayate (rarely °ti; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 19]), to conquer, win or acquire by conquest, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; to vanquish, defeat, subdue, overpower, master, control, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be victorious or superior, [RV.]; [Br.]; [Up.] &c.; (often in respectful salutation, e.g. vi-jayasva rājan, ‘be victorious’ or ‘hail to thee, O king!’) to contend victoriously with (instr.), [AitBr.]; to excel in (instr.), [Bālar.]; to be about to conquer, go to victory, [Mn. vii, 107]: Caus. (only aor. vy-ajījayat; but cf. vi-jāpayitṛ) to conquer, [MBh.] : Desid. -jigīṣate (rarely °ti), to strive for victory, wish to conquer or vanquish, attack, assail, [ŚBr.]; &c.
vi-√ kṝ P. -kirati, to scatter, throw or toss about, disperse, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to dishevel, [BhP.]; to pour out, utter, heave (sighs), [Gīt.]; to tear asunder, cleave, split, rend, burst, [MuṇḍUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to scatter over, bestrew, cover, fill with (instr.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to revile (?), [MBh.]
vi-√ 1. kṛ P. Ā. -karoti, -kurute, to make different, transform, change the shape (or the mind), cause to alter or change (esp. for the worse), deprave, pervert, spoil, impair, [RV.] &c. &c.; (Pass. and Ā., rarely P.) to become different, be altered, change one's state or opinions, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 35]); to develop, produce (esp. variously), [RV.]; [MBh.]; to embellish, decorate (in various manners), [MBh.]; to distribute, divide, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; to destroy, annihilate, [RV.]; [MBh.]; to represent, fill the place of (acc.), [KātyŚr.], Sch.; (Ā.; cf. above) to move to and fro, wave, shake (hands or feet), [R.]; [Suśr.]; to be or become restless (with netrābhyām, ‘to roll the eyes’), [Suśr.]; to utter (sounds), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 34]; to become unfaithful to (loc.), [Mn. ix, 15]; to act in a hostile or unfriendly way towards (gen. or loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to contend together, [AV.]; [MBh.]; to act in various ways, [Bhaṭṭ.]; Pass. -kriyate, to be changed &c. (cf. above) : Caus. -kārayati, to cause to change or be changed, [Hit.]
vi-√ lī Ā. -līyate (pf. -lilyuh, [MBh.]; fut. -letā, or -lātā; ind.p. -līya or -lāya, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 51], Sch.), to cling or cleave or adhere to, [MBh.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Śiś.]; to hide or conceal one's self, disappear, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to be dissolved, melt, [AV.] &c. &c.: Caus. -lāpayati or -lāyayati or -lālayati or -līnayati ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 39], Sch.), to cause to disappear, destroy, [Śaṃk.]; to cause to be dissolved or absorbed in (loc.), [BhP.], Sch.; to make liquid, dissolve, melt, [Suśr.]
vi-√ 3. mā P. Ā. -māti, -mimīte, to measure, mete out, pass over, traverse, [RV.]; [Br.]; [Kauś.]; to enumerate, [BhP.]; to ordain, fix, set right, arrange, make ready, prepare, [RV.]
vínā or vinā́ ind. (prob. a kind of instr. of 3. vi) without, except, short or exclusive of (preceded or followed by an acc. instr., rarely abl.; cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 32]; exceptionally ifc., e.g. śuci-vinā, without honesty, satya-v°, without faith, [Subh.]), [AV. xx, 136, 13] (not in manuscript), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (sometimes is used pleonastically, e.g. na tad asti vinā deva yat te virahitaṃ hare, ‘there is nothing, O god Hari, that is without thee’, [Hariv. 14966]).
vi-√ nī P. Ā. -nayati, °te, to lead or take away, remove, avert, [RV.]; [AV.]; to throw off, drive away, dispel, expel (a disease), [Car.]; (Ā.) to elicit, draw from (abl.), [RV.]; to stir up (the Soma), [RV.]; to part (the hair), [GṛŚrS.]; to stretch, extend, [ŚāṅkhBr.]; [R.]; to train, tame, guide (horses), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to educate, instruct, direct, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to chastise, punish, [Yājñ.]; [Kum.]; to induce, lead or cause to (inf.), [RV. i, 1, 64, 6]; to spend, pass (time), [Gīt.]; to perform, accomplish, [MBh.]; (Ā.) to pay off, restore (a debt), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 36]; to expand (esp. for religious purposes), [ib.], Sch.; to get rid of, give up, cease from (anger), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 37] : Desid. [A.] -ninīṣate, to wish to get rid of or give up (egoism), [ŚāṅkhŚr.]
m. n. a kind of salt (either factitious salt, procured by boiling earth impregnated with saline particles, or a partic. kind of fetid salt used medicinally as a tonic aperient, commonly called Vit-lavan or Bit-noben, cf. viḍ-lavaṇa; it is black in colour and is prepared by fusing fossil silt with a small portion of Emblic Myrobalan, the product being muriate of soda with small quantities of muriate of lime, sulphur, and oxide of iron), [Suśr.]
vi-√ sṛ P. -sarati, -sisarti (Ved. and ep. also Ā. perf. vi-sasre, [RV.]), to run or flow through, [RV.]; to spread out in various directions, extend (intr.), [R.]; [Śiś.]; (Ā.) to open or unfold one's self (with tanvàm), [RV. x, 71, 4]; to be separated, part from (instr.), [AV.]; to go forth in various directions, disperse, [MBh.]; to come forth, issue from (abl. or -tas), [ib.]; to rush upon (acc.), [MBh.] : Caus. -sārayati, to send forth, [R.]; to stretch forth, extend, [MW.]
vi-√ tṝ P. -tarati, -tirati (Ved. inf. -tíre), to pass across or through, traverse, pervade, [RV.]; to bring away, carry off, remove, [ib.]; [TS.]; to cross, frustrate, disappoint (a wish), [ib.]; to extend, prolong, [ib.]; to give away (also in marriage), grant, afford, bestow, yield, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (with āsanam, to offer a seat; with dvāram, to grant admittance; with uttaram, to favour with an answer; with darśanam, or dṛṣṭim, to grant a sight, i.e. give an audience); to give (medicine), apply (a remedy), [Suśr.]; to produce, effect, perform, accomplish, [Kāv.]; [Rājat.]; [BhP.] : Caus. -tārayati, to pass (a comb) through, comb out, [ŚBr.]; to carry out, accomplish, [ŚāṅkhŚr.] : Intens. -tartūryate (p. -tárturāṇa or -táritrat), to pass over violently, labour or perform energetically, [RV.]
m. (derivation doubtful) a voluptuary, sensualist, bon-vivant, boon-companion, rogue, knave, [Kāv.]; [Rājat.]; [Kathās.] &c. (in the drama, esp. in the Mṛcchakaṭikā, he is the companion of a dissolute prince and resembles in some respects the Vidūṣaka, being generally represented as a parasite on familiar terms with his associate, but at the same time accomplished in the arts of poetry, music, and singing; ifc. a term of reproach g. khasūcy-ādi, [Gaṇar.]; [L.] also ‘the keeper of a prostitute; a catamite; a mouse; Acacia Catechu; the orange tree; a kind of salt; = prāñcalloha [?]; = viṭapa N. of a mountain’)
vi-√ yā P. -yāti, to go or pass through, traverse, cross, drive through (with a car), cut through (with wheels), destroy, [RV.]; [MaitrS.]; [ŚBr.]; to depart, turn away, [MaitrS.]; [BhP.]
vi-√ yu P. -yuyoti, -yauti, to separate, part (intr.), [RV.]; [AV.]; to be separated from or deprived of (instr.), [RV.]; [VS.]; to separate (trans.), divide, detach or exclude from, deprive of (instr.), [RV.]; to keep off, avert, [Śiś.]; to spread, scatter, [TS.]; to open, [RV.]
vi-ṣo (√ so) P. -ṣyati (aor. Subj. -ṣāt; Pot. -ṣīmahi; Impv. -ṣāhi), to let loose, release, set free, flow, shed, cause to flow, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Kauś.]; to unharness, unbridle, [RV.]; to open, [ib.]; to relax, mollify, [ib.]
ind. (only in comp. and derivatives, prob. connected with viśva accord. to [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 77], Vārtt. 1, [Pat.] a Ved. acc. viṣvam = viṣuvam) on both sides, in both directions
in various directions
similarly, equally.
√ vi-ṣu (3. su; only pf. p. Ā. -suṣvāṇa with pass. meaning, [RV. ix, 101, 11]; accord. to [Vop.] also aor. vy-aṣāvīt; fut. vi-soṣyati and vi-saviṣyati), to press or squeeze out (the Soma plant for obtaining its juice).
vi-√ bhās Ā. -bhāsate (in Ved. also P.), to shine brightly or pleasantly, be bright, [AV.]; [R.]; [Śatr.] : Caus. -bhāsayati, to cause to shine, illuminate, brighten, [MBh.]
vi-√ bhaj P. Ā. -bhajati, °te, to divide, distribute, apportion, assign (with two acc., or with acc. of thing and dat. or loc. of pers., or with acc. of pers. and instr. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c. (Ā. also = ‘to share together or with each other’ or ‘to share with [instr.]’ ; with samam, to divide into equal parts; with ardham and gen., to divide in halves); to separate, part, cut, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to divide (arithmetically), [Sūryas.]; [VarBṛS.]; to open (a box or chest), [Kathās.]; to worship, [MārkP.] : Pass. -bhajyate, to receive one's share from (instr.), [MBh. i, 2344] : Caus. -bhājayati, to cause to distribute or divide or share, [AV.]; to divide, [Kathās.]; [Sūryas.] &c.
vi-√ bhid P. Ā. -bhinatti, -bhintte to split or break in two, break in pieces, cleave asunder, divide, separate, open, [RV.] &c. &c.; to pierce, sting, [ŚBr.]; [MārkP.]; to loosen, untie, [Hariv.]; [BhP.]; to break, infringe, violate, [R.]; [Bālar.]; [BhP.]; to scatter, disperse, dispel, destroy, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to alter, change (the mind), [MBh.]; [BhP.] : Pass. to be split or broken, burst asunder &c. (also P. Cond. vyabhetsyat, [ChUp.]); to be changed or altered, [R.]; [BhP.] : Caus. -bhedayati, to cause to split &c.; to divide, alienate, estrange, [MBh.]; [R.]
vi-√ dhāv P. -dhāvati, to run or flow off, trickle through, [RV.]; to flow away, disappear, [Kāṭh.]; to run away, be scattered or dispersed, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to run between (antar, said of a road), [Kāṭh.]; to run through, perambulate, [R.]; to rush upon, [Bhaṭṭ.] (aor. vy-adhāviṣṭa v.l. vyabādhiṣṭa).
vi-√ dhāv (only Pass. pf. -dadhāvire), to wash off, [Śiś.]