rūp रूप् (prob. Nom. fr. rūpa) cl. 10. P. ([Dhātup. xxxv, 79]) rūpayati, to form, figure, represent (esp. on the stage), exhibit by gesture, act, feign, [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [BhP.] &c.; to view, inspect, contemplate, [Kir. viii, 26]; [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 25], Sch.; (Ā. °yate) to show one's self, appear, [Vop.] rūṣ रूष् cl. 1. P. rūṣati, to adorn, decorate, [Dhātup. xvii, 27]; to cover, strew, smear (see rūṣita) : Caus. (or cl. 10. P.) rūṣayati, ‘to tremble’ or ‘to burst’ (visphuraṇe), [Dhātup. xxxv, 84]; [Vop.] rūḍha रूढ rūḍhá mfn. mounted, risen, ascended, [AV.] &c. &c. lifted up, imposed on, laden (see -paricchada) grown together, healed, [R.]; [Suśr.] sprung up, grown, increased, developed, produced from (comp.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. budded, blown, [W.] large, great, [MW.] high, noble (see -vaṃśa) diffused, spread about, widely known, current, notorious, famous, [Kāv.]; [Sāh.] traditional, conventional, popular (opp. to yaugika and said of words which have a meaning not directly connected with their etymology; esp. in pl. applied to names of warrior tribes, which also denote the country inhabited by them), [Śiś.]; [Pāṇ.], Sch. &c. acquainted or conversant with (loc.), [Gaṇit.] certain, ascertained, [W.] obscure, [MW.] rūḍhá m. a scar (also n. and f(A). ) rūḍhá m. barley, [L.] rūḍhi. See col. 2 and above. rūḍhi रूढि f. rise, ascent (lit. and fig.), increase, growth, development, [Kāv.]; [Rājat.] birth, production, [W.] decision, [Rājat.] fame, celebrity, notoriety, [Śiś.] tradition, custom, general prevalence, current usage (esp. of speech), [Nyāyam.]; [Rājat.] (in rhet.) the more amplified or popular or conventional meaning of words, the employment of a word in such a meaning (as opp. to yoga, q.v.), [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. i, 2, 55]; [Sāh.]; [Kpr.] &c. rūkṣ रूक्ष् (rather Nom. fr. rūkṣa) cl. 10. P. rūkṣayati ([Vop.] also rūkṣāpayati; aor. arurūkṣat), to be rough or harsh, [Dhātup. xxxv, 56]; to make dry or emaciated, [ŚBr.]; to soil, smear, [VarBṛS.]; to injure, offend, exasperate, [Jātakam.] rūma रूम m. or n. N. of a place, [Cat.] (v.l. rūpa). rūpā रूपा (ā), f. N. of a river, [VP.] rūpa रूप rūpá n. (perhaps connected with varpa, varpas; ifc. f.(A), rarely (ī)) any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour (often pl.), form, shape, figure, [RV.] &c. &c. (rūpeṇa ifc. in the form of ; rūpam-√ kṛ or √ bhū, to assume a form; often ifc. = ‘having the form or appearance or colour of’, ‘formed or composed of’, ‘consisting of’, ‘like to’; sometimes used after an adj. or p.p. to emphasize its meaning or almost redundantly, cf. ghora-r°; or connected with a verb, e.g. pacati-rūpam, he cooks very well, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57]) dreamy or phantom shapes (pl.), [VS.]; [ŚBr.] handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, splendour, [RV.] &c. &c. nature, character, peculiarity, feature, mark, sign, symptom, [VS.] &c. &c. likeness, image, reflection, [Mn.]; [Kathās.] circumstances (opp. to ‘time’ and ‘place’), [Mn. viii, 45] sort, kind, [R.]; [Suśr.] mode, manner, way, [Kap.] (ifc.) trace of [R.] a single specimen or exemplar (and therefore a term for the number ‘one’), [VarBṛS.]; [Gaṇit.] a partic. coin (prob. a rupee), [VarBṛS.] a show, play, drama, [Daśar.] (in alg.) the arithmetical unit (pl.) integer number known or absolute number, a known quantity as having specific form (and expressed by rū i.e. first syllable of ), [IW. 182] (in gram.) any form of a noun or verb (as inflected by declension or conjugation), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 68] &c. (in phil.) the quality of colour (one of the 17 or 24 Guṇas of the Vaiśeṣikas), [IW. 68] (with Buddhists) material form i.e. the organized body (as one of the 5 constituent elements or Skandhas), [Dharmas. 22]; [MWB. 109] (in dram.) a reflection or remark made under partic. circumstances when the action is at its height (garbhe), [Bhar.]; [Daśar.] &c. (only [L.]) cattle a beast a sound, word rereading a book (= granthāvṛtti) rūpá m. a word of unknown meaning, [AV. xviii, 3, 40] (pl.) N. of a people, [MBh.] rūpá m. or n. N. of a place (v.l. rūma), [Cat.] rūra रूर rūrá mfn. hot, burning (as fire, fever &c.), [AV.]; [TāṇḍBr.] rūṣa रूष m. bitter and sour taste, [L.] mf(A)n. bitter and sour, [L.] (cf. rūkṣa). rūkṣā रूक्षा (ā), f. Croton Polyandrum or Tiglium, [L.] rūkṣa रूक्ष rūkṣá mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ rūṣ; cf. 2. rukṣa) rough, dry, arid, dreary, [ŚBr.] &c. &c. emaciated, thin, [Suśr.] rough to the taste, astringent, [MBh.]; [Suśr.] not greasy or oily (as food or medicine), [Kathās.]; [Suśr.] hard, harsh, unkind, cruel (as a person or speech), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. unpleasant, disagreeable, not soft (to the sight, smell &c.), [ib.] dismal (as a house), [Pañcat.] soiled, smeared, dirtied, [R.]; [Mudr.] having the smell of an elephant in rut, [L.] rūkṣá m. hardness, harshness, [L.] the smell of the rut of an elephant, [L.] a kind of grass (= varaka), [L.] rūkṣá n. a good kind of iron, [L.] the thick part of curds, [L.] m. (prob. for Prākṛt rukkha = vṛkṣa) a tree, [L.] rūpin रूपिन् rūpín mf(iRI)n. having or assuming a partic. form or figure, embodied, corporeal, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. having a beautiful form or figure, well-shaped, handsome, beautiful, [ŚBr.] &c. &c. (ifc.) having the form or nature or character of, characterised by, appearing as, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. rūpyā रूप्या f. a partic. fragrant substance, [Gal.] rūpya रूप्य mfn. well-shaped, beautiful, [Pāṇ. v, 2, 120] stamped, impressed, [ib.] to be denoted (or capable of being denoted) figuratively or metaphorically, [Sāh.] (ifc.) formerly in the possession of or possessed by, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 54] proceeding from or originating with (= tasmād āgataḥ), [ib.] [iv, 3, 82] m. N. of a man g. tikādi of a mountain, [Śatr.] n. silver, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. wrought silver or gold, stamped coin, rupee, [L.] collyrium, [L.] rūkhara रूखर m. pl. N. of a Śaiva sect, [W.] rūcaka रूचक w.r. for racaka, q.v. rūpīkṛ रूपीकृ rūpī-√ kṛ P. -karoti, to make rough, soil, besmear, [A.] rūpaṇa रूपण n. figurative illustration, metaphorical description, [Kāvyād.]; [Sāh.] examination, investigation, proof, [Sāh.] rūpakā रूपका rū́pakā f. a female fox or jackal, [AV. xi, 9, 15] rūpaka रूपक mfn. having form, figurative, metaphorical, illustrating by figurative language, [Sāh.] m. a partic. coin (prob. a rupee), [Var.]; [Pañcat.] &c. (in music) a kind of measure, [Saṃgīt.] (cf. -tāla) [cf. Zd. urupi] n. form, figure, shape, appearance (mostly ifc., with f(A). , = having the form of, composed or consisting of, similar to), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. image, likeness, [AitBr.]; [Kathās.] feature, sign, symptom, [W.] kind, species, [MaitrUp.] (in rhet.) a figure of speech, metaphor, comparison, simile (esp. one in which iva, vat &c. are omitted, e.g. bāhu-latā, ‘a creeper-like arm’, paṇi-padma, ‘a lotus-like hand’ ; there are 3 or 4 varieties of Rūpaka, e.g. the ardha-r°, ‘partial metaphor’, khaṇḍa-r°, ‘imperfect metaphor’, and lalāma-r°, ‘flowery metaphor’), [Kāvyād.]; [Sāh.] &c. (cf. [IW. 458]) a drama, play, theatrical performance (esp. of the principal class, as opp. to the upa-rūpakas or inferior dramas; of the former there are 10 species including the Nāṭaka or higher order of play and the Prahasana or farce), [Daśar.]; [Sāh.] &c. ([IW. 471]) a partic. weight (= 3 Guñjās), [L.] = mūrta or dhūrta, [L.] rūpapa रूपप rūpa—pa m. pl. N. of a people, [MārkP.] rūpatā रूपता rūpa—tā f. (ifc.) the state of being formed or composed of (e.g. duḥkha-r°, ‘the consisting of pain’), [Nīlak.] rūpiṇa रूपिण m. N. of a son of Aja-mīḍha, [MBh.] rūpikā रूपिका f. swallow-wort, Asclepias Lactifera rūpika रूपिक m. or n. (?) coined gold or silver, money, [L.] rūpita रूपित mfn. formed, represented, exhibited, imagined, [Kāv.]; [Sarvad.] rūvuka रूवुक m. the castor-oil tree, Ricinus Communis, [L.] (cf. ruvuka). rūṣaṇa रूषण n. covering, strewing, [Chandom.] soiling, [L.] adorning, decoration, [MW.] rūṣaka रूषक m. Gendarussa Vulgaris, [L.] rūṣita रूषित mfn. (sometimes confounded with ruṣita) strewed, covered, soiled, smeared with (comp.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. adhering to (comp.), [BhP.] perfumed with (comp.), [MBh.] pounded, reduced to powder, [L.] adorned, decorated, [L.] = naṣṭa, [Prab.], Sch. made rough or rugged (cf. rūkṣa), [W.] rūkṣaṇa रूक्षण mfn. making thin, attenuating, [ŚārṅgS.] n. the act of making thin, (esp.) medical treatment for reducing fat or corpulence, [Suśr.] rūkṣatā रूक्षता rūkṣa—tā f. ([Kāv.] &c.) roughness, dryness, aridity, harshness, unkindness. rūkṣita रूक्षित mfn. made rough, rough (see a-r°) soiled, smeared, [VarBṛS.] injured, offended (-tva n.), [Jātakam.] rūpabhāj रूपभाज् rūpa—bhāj mfn. endowed with beauty, [Viṣṇ.] rūpabhṛt रूपभृत् rūpa—bhṛt mfn. having form or beauty, [MW.] (ifc.) having the appearance of [VarYogay.] rūpadhṛk रूपधृक् rūpa—dhṛk mfn. (see dhṛk, p. 519) = next, [MW.] rūpadhṛt रूपधृत् rūpa—dhṛt mfn. having the form or shape of (ifc.; e.g. kapi-r°, ‘monkey-shaped’; cf. vividha-r°), [Kathās.] rūpaśas रूपशस् rūpa—śás ind. in various forms, according to peculiarity, [RV.]; [Kauś.] rūpajña रूपज्ञ rūpa—jña mfn. See á-r°. rūpakṛt रूपकृत् rūpa—kṛ́t mfn. making forms or figures (N. of Tvaṣṭṛ), [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] rūpa—kṛ́t m. a sculptor, [Kathās.] rūpastha रूपस्थ rūpa—stha mfn. possessed of form or shape, [RāmatUp.] rūpatas रूपतस् rūpa—tas ind. according to form, by shape, in form, [Nal.] rūpatva रूपत्व rūpa—tva n. id. or the state of having form or figure, [Sarvad.] = tā, [Kap.] rūpavat रूपवत् rūpa—vat mfn. having form or colour, formed, embodied, corporeal, [R.]; [BhP.]; [Kathās.] having a beautiful form or colour, handsomely formed, handsome, beautiful (superl. -tama), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Nir.] &c. having the form or appearance of (ifc.), [MBh.]; [MārkP.] rūpyada रूप्यद rūpya—da mfn. one who gives silver, [Mn. iv, 230.] rūpyaka रूप्यक See suvarṇa-r°. rūḍhamūla रूढमूल rūḍha-mūla mfn. one who has taken root, [Bcar.] rūḍhayoga रूढयोग rūḍha—yoga mfn. one whose Yoga or devotion has increased, [ib.] rūkṣatva रूक्षत्व rūkṣa—tva n. ([Śaṃk.]) roughness, dryness, aridity, harshness, unkindness. rūkṣavāc रूक्षवाच् rūkṣa—vāc f. rough speech, [MBh.] rūpājīvā रूपाजीवा f. a harlot, [R.] rūpājīva रूपाजीव mf(A)n. making a living by beauty of form, living by prostitution, [Kām.]; [Daś.] rūpāstra रूपास्त्र m. ‘having beauty for a weapon’, the god of love, [L.] rūpāvalī रूपावली f. a list or series of (grammatical) forms or of the variations of (grammatical) forms (caused by declension, conjugation &c.), [MW.] N. of various works. rūpāvatī रूपावती f. N. of a woman, [ib.] rūpāvata रूपावत m. N. of a prince, [Divyāv.] rūpabheda रूपभेद rūpa—bheda m. diversity or variety of forms or manifestations, [Kṛṣṇaj.] (in gram.) diversity of phonetic form or sound rūpa—bheda n. N. of a Tantra wk. rūpadhātu रूपधातु rūpa—dhātu m. the element of form, original seat or region of form (with Buddhists; the other two element being kāma-dh°, q.v., and arūpa-dh°, ‘the element of formlessness’), [Buddh.] rūpadhara रूपधर rūpa—dhara mfn. having the form or shape of, being of the colour of (ifc.; e.g. go-r°, cow-shaped; cf. kāma-r°), [Ragh.]; [VP.] &c. rūpa—dhara m. N. of a king, [Kathās.] rūpadheya रूपधेय rūpa—dhéya n. form and colour, external appearance, [AV.] beauty, [Naiṣ.] (cf. nāma-dh°.) rūpaśikhā रूपशिखा rūpa—śikhā f. N. of a daughter of the Rākṣasa Agni-śikha, [Kathās.] rūpadeva रूपदेव rūpa—deva m. N. of two poets, [Sadukt.]; [Cat.] rūpaguṇa रूपगुण rūpa—guṇa mfn. possessing the quality of colour, [Mn. i, 77] (ibc.) beauty of form rūpahāni रूपहानि rūpa—hāni f. loss of form (in the Nyāya one of the 7 preventives of classification), [MW.] rūpajīva रूपजीव rūpa—jīva mfn. w.r. for rūpāj° below, [R.] rūpakāra रूपकार rūpa—kāra m. a maker of images, sculptor, [Kathās.] rūpalatā रूपलता rūpa—latā f. N. of a princess, [Kathās.] rūpamālā रूपमाला rūpa—mālā f. N. of a grammatical wk. (also -vyākaraṇa) rūpamālī रूपमाली rūpa—mālī (ī), f. N. of a metre, [Col.] rūpamatī रूपमती rūpa—matī (?) f. N. of a princess, [Inscr.] rūpapati रूपपति rūpá—pati (rūpá-), m. lord of forms (N. of Tvaṣṭṛ), [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] rūpapura रूपपुर rūpa—pura n. N. of a town, [Cat.] rūparāga रूपराग rūpa—rāga m. (with, [Buddh.]) craving for life in a material form (either on earth or in heaven; one of the 10 fetters or Saṃyojanas), [MWB. 127.] rūpasena रूपसेन rūpa—sena m. N. of a Vidyā-dhara, [Kathās.] of a king, [Vet.] rūpasvin रूपस्विन् mfn. (fr. an unused rūpas = rūpa + vin) handsome, beautiful (superl. °vi-tama), [PārGṛ.]; [Vet.] rūpatama रूपतम rūpá—tama (rūpá-), n. the best form or colour, [ŚBr.] rūpavatī रूपवती rūpa—vatī (atī), f. a handsome woman (N. of various women), [Buddh.]; [Kathās.] of a river, [BhP.] rūpiṇikā रूपिणिका f. (dimin. fr. rūpiṇī) N. of a courtezan, [Kathās.] rūḍhamanyu रूढमन्यु rūḍha—manyu mfn. one whose passion has grown strong, [BhP.] rūḍhavaṃśa रूढवंश rūḍha—vaṃśa mfn. of a high family, [Daśar.] rūḍhavraṇa रूढव्रण rūḍha—vraṇa mfn. one whose wounds are healed, [R.] rūḍhiśabda रूढिशब्द rūḍhi—śabda m. a word used in its conventional sense (as opp. to yoga-ś°; thus śatru as a Rūḍhi-śabda means ‘enemy’, but as a Yogaśabda‘destroyer’), [APrāt.]; [Bhar.] &c. rūkṣīkṛta रूक्षीकृत rūkṣī-kṛta mfn. made, rough, soiled, besmeared, covered with (comp.), [Mṛcch.] rūkṣabhāva रूक्षभाव rūkṣa—bhāva m. harsh or unfriendly behaviour, [Ratnāv.] rūkṣaṇīyā रूक्षणीया f. Coix Barbata, [L.] rūkṣaṇīya रूक्षणीय m. rum, spirit distilled from molasses, [L.] rūpāśraya रूपाश्रय m. a repository or receptacle of beauty mfn. exceedingly handsome, [BhP.] rūpadhārin रूपधारिन् rūpa—dhārin mfn. bearing a form, assuming a shape (catur-guṇa-r°, ‘having a 4 times greater shape’), [Pañcad.] endowed with beauty, [VāmP.] rūpaśālin रूपशालिन् rūpa—śālin mfn. possessed of beauty, handsome, beautiful, [MārkP.]; [Hcat.]; [Kathās.] rūpagraha रूपग्रह rūpa—graha mfn. apprehending forms, perceiving colours, [L.] rūpa—graha m. the eye, [L.] rūpakāntā रूपकान्ता rūpa—kāntā f. N. of a Surāṅganā, [Siṃhās.] rūpakartṛ रूपकर्तृ rūpa—kartṛ m. ‘maker of forms or figures’, N. of Viśva-kṛt, [R.] rūpamātra रूपमात्र rūpa—mātra n. only beauty, [MW.] rūpanāśin रूपनाशिन् rūpa—nāśin mfn. destroying form or beauty, disfiguring, [MBh.] rūpasiddhi रूपसिद्धि rūpa—siddhi m. N. of a man, [Kathās.] of a grammatical wk. rūpasvinī रूपस्विनी f. N. of a woman, [Siṃhās.] rūpatarka रूपतर्क rūpa—tarka m. (prob.) an assaye-master or inspector of a mint, [Pat.] rūpavajrā रूपवज्रा rūpa—vajrā f. N. of a Buddhist goddess, [Kālac.] rūpeśvarī रूपेश्वरी (ī), f. N. of a goddess, [DevībhP.]