ní ind. down, back, in, into, within (except, [AV. x, 8, 7] always prefixed either to verbs or to nouns; in the latter case it has also the meaning of negation or privation [cf. ‘down-hearted’ = heartless]; sometimes w.r. for nis)
it may also express kṣepa, dāna, upa-rama, ā-śraya, mokṣa &c., [L.]
cl. 1. P. neśati, to meditate upon, be absorbed in meditation, [Dhātup. xvii, 73.]
f. (occurring only in some weak cases as niśi, °śas, °śau, °śos [and niḍbhyas, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 63]], for or with niśā, and prob. connected with nak, nakta; cf. also dyu-, mahā-) night, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Var.]; [Śak.] &c.
nind or cl. 1. P. níndati, ep. also °te (the form only in 3. pl. pf. ninidús, in the Desid. and in some deriv. See under 1. and ninitsú below; pf. nininda, [MBh.]; aor. ánindiṣur, [RV.]; níndiṣat, [AV.]; Pot. nindyāt, [Up.]; fut. nindiṣyati, [Vop.]; ninditā, [MBh.]; ind.p. -nindya, [ib.]), to blame, censure, revile, despise, ridicule, [RV.] &c. &c.: Desid. nínitsati, °te, to wish to blame &c., [RV.]; [ĀśvŚr.] [cf. Gk. ὄ-νειδος.]
nís ind. out, forth, away &c. (rarely used as an independent word [e.g. [AV. vi, 18, 3]; [vii, 115, 3]; [xvi, 2, 1]], but mostly as a prefix to verbs and their derivatives [cf. niḥ-√ kṣi &c. below], or to nouns not immediately connected with verbs, in which case it has the sense, ‘out of’, ‘away from’ [cf. nirvana, niṣ-kauśāmbi &c.] or that of a privative or negative adverb = 3. a, ‘without’, ‘destitute of’, ‘free from’, ‘un-’ [cf. nir-artha, nir-mala &c.], or that of a strengthening particle ‘thoroughly’, ‘entirely’, ‘very’ [cf. niḥ-śūnya, niṣ-kevala, nir-muṇḍa]; it is liable to be changed to niḥ, nir, niś, niṣ, and nī; cf. above and below).
ni-bha mf(A)n. (√ bhā) resembling, like, similar (ifc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c. (sometimes pleonastically after adj., e.g. cāru-nibhānana, ‘handsome-faced’, [Hariv.], or comp. with a synonym, e.g. naga-nibhopama, ‘mountain-like’, [MBh.]; padma-pattrābha-nibha, ‘like a lotus-leaf’, [ib.])
ni-bha m. or n. appearance, pretext (only ifc. instr. [Daś.]; abl. [Kathās.]).
ni-√ 1. dhā P. Ā. -dadhāti, -dhatte, to put or lay down, deposit, lay up, preserve (Ā. for one's self); to intrust, commit, present to (dat. or loc.); put into, fix in (loc., or loc. with antár, or antar ifc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; put or lay before a person (dat.), [KenUp.]; (with bhūmau [[Hit.]] or avaṭe [[R.]]) to bury; (with śirasi, rarely °sā) to esteem highly, [R.]; [Kālid.]; [Pañc.]; (with dṛśam) to fix the eyes upon (loc.), [Kathās.]; (with manas) to fix or direct the thoughts upon or towards i.e. resolve, determine to (dat.), [Hariv.]; (with manasi, °sā, or hṛdaye) to keep in mind, bear in mind, remember, lay to heart, [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; (with hṛdayam) to give one's heart to (loc.); (with ātmānam) to intrust one's self to (loc.), [Kathās.]; (with kriyām) to take pains with (loc.), [Hit.]; (with karmaṇi) to appoint a person to a work, [Rājat.]; to keep down, restrain, [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; to end, close, [ŚBr.] : Pass. -dhīyate, to be put or laid down &c.; to be contained or situated or absorbed in, to rest in (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.] &c. &c.: Caus. -dhāpayati, to cause to be put or laid down &c., [Vait.]; [R.]; [Hcat.] ; to cause to be deposited or preserved, [Mn. viii, 30]; to lay up, preserve, [Car.]; to appoint, [BhP.] : Desid. -dhitsate, to intend to put down &c., [Naiṣ.] : Intens. nídedhyat (?), to settle down, [VS.]; [MaitrS.]
ni-√ dhū P. -dhūnoti or -dhunoti (-dhuváti, [AV.]; [TS.]; Pot. -dhūvet, [Kāṭh.]), to throw down, deliver over, [AV.]; to shake to and fro, agitate, [Hariv.]
ni-√ dhṛ (only pf. -dadhre), to bend or yield to (dat.), [RV. i, 37, 7] : Caus. dhārayati (aor. -dīdhar), to place down in, bring to (loc.), [RV.]; establish, appoint, render (with double acc.), [ib.]; to preserve, keep, [BhP.]
ni-°dhí m. setting down or serving up (food, &c.), [RV. i, 183, 4] &c.
the bottom of the Ukhā, [ŚBr.]
a place for deposits or storing up, a receptacle (esp. apāṃ nidhi, receptacle of waters, the ocean, sea, also N. of a Sāman; kalānāṃ n°, the full moon), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
a store, hoard, treasure, [RV.] &c. &c. (in later language esp. the divine treasures belonging to Kubera, nine of which are enumerated, viz. Padma, Mahāpadma, Śaṅkha, Makara, Kacchapa, Mukunda, Nanda, Nīla and Kharva, they are also personified as attendants either of Kubera or of Lakṣmī; cf. nidhi-datta and -pālita below)
the sea, [L.]
(with daiva) the science of chronology, [ChUp. vii, 1, 2] ([Śaṃk.])
ni-√ śi (for 1. See p. 560) P. -śiśāti (Ā. p. -śiśāna), to sharpen, whet; to excite, strengthen; prepare or present (food &c.) for strengthening, [RV.] (cf. ni-śo).
ni-já mf(A)n. (√ jan) innate, native, of one's own party or country (with ripu m. an enemy in one's own country, [Hit.]; m. pl. one's own people, [Rājat.])
constant, continual, [AV.]; [Br.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (in later Sanskṛt used as a reflex. possess. pron. = sva, my own, his own, our own &c.)
ni-√ lī Ā. -līyate (rarely P., e.g. Pot. -līyet), [MBh.] &c. or -láyate, [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. ni-rī; impf. -alāyata, [TS.]; pf. -lilye, 3. pl. °yire, or °yur, [Br.]; aor. -aleṣṭa, [Br.]; 3. pl. -aleṣata, [Bhaṭṭ.]; ind.p. -lā́ya, [TBr.]; -līya, [Hariv.]; inf. -letum, [Śiś.]); to settle down (esp. applied to the alighting of birds), alight, descend, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to become settled or fixed, [Rājat. iii, 426]; to hide one's self, conceal one's self from (abl.), disappear, perish, [RV.]; &c.
of a son of Ikṣvāku, [Pur.] (having lost his body through the curse of Vasiṣṭha he occupied the eyes of all living beings, hence the opening and shutting of men's eyelids; cf. ni-miṣa and See [VP. iv, 5])
of 21st Jaina Arhat of present Ava-sarpiṇī (identified with the former Nimi), [L.]
of a son of Bhajamāna, [VP.]
of a son of Daṇḍa-pāṇi, [BhP.]
of a Dānava, [Hariv.] (v.l. ḍimbha)
the closing or winking of the eyes, twinkling, [BhP. ix, 24, 64.]
N. of a Tathāgata, [Sukh. i].
ni-√ 1. mi P. -minoti (pf. -mimā́ya Pass. -mīyate), to fix or dig in, erect, raise, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] &c.; to perceive, notice, understand (?), [AV. iv, 16, 5.]
ni-√ nī P. Ā. -nayati, °te (Subj. aor. -neṣat), to lead to, carry or bring towards (dat. or loc.), bring or cause to (dat. inf.), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to incline, bend, [BhP.]; to pour down, pour out or in [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Yājñ.] &c.; to cause to enter, [BhP.]; to offer as a sacrifice, [ib.]; to carry out, accomplish, perform, [ib.]; to spend (time), [MW.]
or nid cl. 1. P. níndati, ep. also °te (the form nid only in 3. pl. pf. ninidús, in the Desid. and in some deriv. See under 1. nid and ninitsú below; pf. nininda, [MBh.]; aor. ánindiṣur, [RV.]; níndiṣat, [AV.]; Pot. nindyāt, [Up.]; fut. nindiṣyati, [Vop.]; ninditā, [MBh.]; ind.p. -nindya, [ib.]), to blame, censure, revile, despise, ridicule, [RV.] &c. &c.: Desid. nínitsati, °te, to wish to blame &c., [RV.]; [ĀśvŚr.] [cf. Gk. ὄ-νειδος.]
nir-√ ṛ (aor. -ārata Subj. -arāma, [RV.]; ind.p. -ṛtya, [AV.]), to go out or off, fall away from, be deprived of (abl. or gen.), [RV. i, 4, 5]; [vii, 56, 21] &c.; to separate, disjoin, [AV. x, 2, 2] : Caus. -arpayati, to cause to go to pieces or decay, to dissolve, destroy, ruin, [ŚBr.]
nir-√ i P. -eti (1. sg. Subj. -ayā, [RV.]; dat. inf. -étave, [ib.]; Ā. nir-ayate, or nil-ayate, [Siddh.] on P. [viii, 2, 19]), to go out, come forth, go off, depart (said of persons and things), [RV.]; [MBh.] &c.
ni-√ yā P. -yāti, to pass over (with a carriage), [RV. v, 35, 5]; [42, 10]; [54, 5]; to come down to (acc.), [75, 5]; to fall into, incur (acc.), [ĀśvGṛ. i, 13, 7.]
ni-√ dhyai P. -dhyāyati (pf. -dadhyau, °dhyur), to observe, perceive; to meditate, think of, remember (acc.), [AitBr.]; [BhP.] : Desid. -didhyāsate, to wish to meditate on, think of attentively, [ŚBr.]
niḥ-√ sṛ P. -sarati, (pr.p. Ā. -saramāṇa, [MBh.]), to go out, come forth, depart, withdraw, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -sārayati, to cause to go out, turn out, expel (abl. with or without bahis), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to conclude, finish, [BhP.]
ni-√ khan P. -khanati, to dig into (the ground), bury, [RV.] &c. &c.; to fix, implant, erect (as a post, column &c.), [Kāv.]; to dig or root up, [BhP.]; to infix, pierce (with an arrow &c.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c. : Caus. khānayati See ni-khānita below.
ni-√ śās P. -śāsti (aor. -aśiṣat), to order off, order to go off, separate from (instr.), [AV.]; to take anything (acc.) from (abl.), [TS.]; to adjudge or present to (dat.), [RV. iv, 2, 7.]
ni-√ śam P. -śāmyati, to be extinguished, [Dharmaś.]; [Divyāv.] : Caus. -śamayati, to appease, make quiet, [AV. vi, 52, 3]; [111, 2]; to cool down, [Sāy.] on [RV. x, 39, 9]; -śāmayati or -śamayati (ep. also -śāmyate; p. -śamyamāna with act. meaning, [R. [B.] ii, 66, 10]; ind.p. -śāmya or -śamya and -śamayya [[Śiś. xvi, 38]; cf. [Vām. v, 2, 76]]), to observe, perceive, hear, learn, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
ni-√ budh P. -bodhati (aor. -bódhiṣat, [RV.]), to learn or hear anything (acc.) from any one (gen., rarely sakāśāt), to attend or listen to (esp. Impv. nibodha, °dhata; rarely °dhasva, °dhadhvam); to know, understand, consider as (often with double acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -bodhayati, to cause to know or learn, to inform, tell, [BhP.]
ni-√ dṛś Caus. -darśayati, to cause to see, show, point out, introduce, indicate, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to impart knowledge, teach, instruct, advise, [ib.] ; to announce, proclaim, [BhP.]; to show one's self i.e. to appear (in a vision) to (acc.), [Hariv.]