mā́ ind. (causing a following ch to be changed to cch, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 74]) not, that not, lest, would that not, [RV.] &c. &c.
a particle of prohibition or negation = Gk. μή, most commonly joined with the Subjunctive i.e. the augmentless form of a past tense (esp. of the aor., e.g. mā́ no vadhīr indra, do not slay us, O Indra, [RV.]; mā bhaiṣīḥ or mā bhaiḥ, do not be afraid, [MBh.]; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt, let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove, [Śak.]; often also with sma, e.g. mā sma gamaḥ, do not go, [Bhag.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 175]; [176]; in the sense of ‘that not, lest’ also yathā mā, e.g. yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti, that death may not disturb you, [PraśnaUp.]; or mā yathā, e.g. mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā, lest there be any loss of time, [R.]; mā na with aor. Subj. = Ind. without a negative, e.g. mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama, do slay my enemies, [Bhaṭṭ.] cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]; rarely with the augmentless impf. with or without sma, e.g. mainam abhibhāṣathāḥ, do not speak to him, [R.]; mā sma karot, let him not do it, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 74], Sch.; exceptionally also with the Ind. of the aor., e.g., mā kālas tvām aty-agāt, may not the season pass by thee, [MBh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 75], Sch.)
or with the Impv. (in [RV.] only [viii, 103, 6], mā no hṛṇītām [[SV.] hṛṇītās] agníḥ, may Agni not be angry with us; but very often in later language, e.g. mā kranda do not cry, [MBh.]; gaccha vā mā vā, you can go or not go, [ib.]; ripur ayam mā jāyatām, may not this foe arise, [Śāntiś.]; also with sma, e.g. mā sma kiṃ cid vaco vada do not speak a word, [MBh.])
or with the Pot. (e.g. mā yamam paśyeyam, may I not see Yama; esp. mābhujema in [RV.])
or with the Prec. (only once in mā bhūyāt, may it not be, [R. [B.] ii, 75, 45])
or sometimes with the fut. (= that not, lest, e.g. mā tvāṃ śapsye, lest I curse thee, [MBh.] cf. [Vop. xxv, 27])
or with a participle (e.g. mā jīvanyo duḥkhadagdho jīvati, he ought not to live who lives consumed by pain, [Pañcat.]; gataḥ sa mā, he cannot have gone, [Kathās.]; maīvamprārthyam, it must not be so requested, [BhP.])
sometimes for the simple negative na (e.g. katham mā bhūt, how may it not be, [Kathās.]; mā gantum arhasi, thou oughtest not to go, [R.]; mā bhūd āgataḥ, can he not i.e. surely he must have arrived, [Amar.])
occasionally without a verb (e. g. mā śabdaḥ or śabdam, do not make a noise, [Hariv.]; mā nāma rakṣiṇaḥ, may it not be the watchmen, [Mṛcch.]; mā bhavantam analaḥ pavano vā, may not fire or wind harm thee, [Vām. v, 1, 14]; esp. = not so, e.g. mā prātṛda, not so, O Pr°, [ŚBr.]; in this meaning also mā mā, mā maivam, mā tāvat)
in the Veda often with u (mó) = and not, nor (e.g. mā́ maghónaḥ pári khyatam mó asmā́kam ṛ́ṣṇām, do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets, [RV. v, 65, 6]; and then usually followed by ṣú = sú, e.g. mo ṣú ṇaḥ nírṛtir vadhīt, let not N° on any account destroy us, [i, 38, 6])
in [ŚBr.] sma mā — mó sma = neither — nor (in a prohibitive sense).
cl. 3. P. mímāti (accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 6] Ā. mimīte, [SV.] mimeti; Pot. mimīyat, [Kāṭh.]; pf., mimāya; aor. ámīmet Subj. mīmayat; inf. mā́tavaí), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (esp. said of cows, calves, goats &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] : Intens., only pr. p. mémyat, bleating (as a goat), [RV. i, 162, 2.]
cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 54]) māti; cl. 3. Ā. ([xxv, 6]) mímīte; cl. 4. Ā. ([xxvi, 33]) māyate (Ved. and ep. also mimāti Pot. mimīyāt Impv., mimīhi; Pot. mimet, [Br.]; pf. mamaú, mame, mamiré, [RV.]; aor. ámāsi Subj. mā́sātai, [AV.]; amāsīt Gr.; Prec. māsīṣṭa, meyāt, [ib.]; fut. mātā; māsyati, māsyate, [ib.]; inf. -mé, -maí, [RV.]; mātum, [Br.]; ind.p. mitvā́, -mā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.), to measure, mete out, mark off, [RV.] &c. &c.; to measure across = traverse, [RV.]; to measure (by any standard), compare with (instr.), [Kum.]; (māti) to correspond in measure (either with gen., ‘to be large or long enough for’, [BhP.]; or with loc., ‘to find room or be contained in’, [Inscr.]; [Kāv.]; or with na and instr., ‘to be beside one's self with’, [Vcar.]; [Kathās.]); to measure out, apportion, grant, [RV.]; to help any one (acc.) to anything (dat.), [ib.], [i, 120, 9]; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make, [RV.]; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta, ‘he displayed or developed himself’, [iii, 29, 11]), [ib.]; (in phil.) to infer, conclude; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi), [Naigh. iii, 19] : Pass. mīyáte (aor. amāyi); to be measured &c., [RV.]; &c. Caus., māpayati, °te (aor. amīmapat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect, [Up.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. mitsati, °te, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54]; [58] (cf. nir-√ mā) : Intens. memīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66.]
m. (fr. mama lit., ‘belonging to mine’) dear friend, uncle (only in voc. sg. as a term of affection among animals in fables), [Pañcat.] (cf. tāta, mātula &c.)
self-conceit, arrogance, pride, [KauṣUp.]; [Mn.] &c. (with Buddhists one of the 6 evil feelings, [Dharmas. 67]; or one of the 10 fetters to be got rid of [MWB. 127])
the passion of love, god of love, [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]
(with Buddhists) the Destroyer, Evil One (who tempts men to indulge their passions and is the great enemy of the Buddha and his religion; four Māras are enumerated in [Dharmas. 80], viz. skandha-, kleśa-, devaputra-, and mṛtyu-m°; but the later Buddhist theory of races of gods led to the figment of millions of Māras ruled over by a chief Māra), [MWB. 208] &c.
(properly Nom. fr. mārga; cf. √ mṛg) cl. 1. 10. P. ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 39]) mārgati, mārgayati (ep. also Ā. mārgate; pf. mamārga Gr.; aor. amārgīt, [ib.]; fut., mārgitā, [ib.]; mārgeṣyati, [R.]; inf. mārgitum, [R.]; ind.p. mārgitvā, [ib.]), to seek, look for, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; to search through, [ib.]; to seek after, strive to attain, [MBh.]; [Var.]; [BhP.]; to endeavour to buy, [Kathās.]; to request, ask, beg, solicit anything from any one (with abl. of pers. and acc. of thing, or with two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to ask (a girl) in marriage, [Śatr.]; (cl. 10. P. mārgayati), to purify, adorn; to go (?), [Dhātup. xxxii, 74.]
mā́sa m. (or n., [Siddh.]) the moon (see pūrṇa-m°)
a month or the 12th part of the Hindū year (there are 4 kinds of months, viz. the solar, saura; the natural, sāvana; the stellar, nākṣatra, and the lunar, cāndra; the latter, which is the most usual and consists of 30 Tithis, being itself of two kinds as reckoned from the new or full moon, cf. [IW. 179]; for the names of the months see [ib.] [173 n. 3]), [RV.] &c. &c. (māsam, for a month; māsam ekam, for one month; māsena, in the course of a month; māse, in a month = after the lapse of a month)
a symbolical N. for the number ‘twelve’, [Sūryas.]
mā́tṛ m. (for 2. mātṛ́ f. See p. 807, col. 1) a measurer,[Nir. xi, 5]
one who measures across or traverses, [RV. viii, 41, 4] (cf. 10)
a knower, one who has true knowledge, [Cat.]
N. of a partic. caste, [ib.] (w.r. for māḍava?)
of an author, [Bṛh.]
mātṛ́ f. (derivation from √ 3. mā very doubtful; for 1. mā́tṛ See p. 804, col. 2) a mother, any mother (applicable to animals), [RV.] &c. &c. (sometimes ifc., e.g. kuntī-m°, having K° for a mother)
du. father and mother, parents, [RV. iii, 3, 33]; [vii, 2, 5] (also mātárā-pitárā, [iv, 6, 7], and pitárā-mātárā, [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 33]; cf. mātarapitarau, col. 2)
the earth (du. heaven and earth), [RV.]
(with or scil. lokasya), a cow, [MBh.]
(du. and pl.) the two pieces of wood used in kindling fire, [RV.] (cf. dvi-m°)
(pl.) the waters, [RV.] (cf. saptam° and [Naigh. i, 13])
(pl.) the divine mothers or personified energies of the principal deities (sometimes reckoned as 7 in number, viz. Brāhmī or Brahmāṇī, Māheśvarī, Kaumārī, Vaiṣṇavī, Vārāhī, Indrāṇī or Aindrī or Māhendrī, Cāmuṇḍā; sometimes 8, viz. Brāhmi, Māheśvarī, Kaumārī, Vaiṣṇavī, Vārāhī, Raudrī, Carma-muṇḍā, Kāla-saṃkarṣiṇī; sometimes 9, viz. Brahmāṇī, Vaiṣṇavī, Raudrī, Vārāhī, Nārasiṃhikā, Kaumārī, Māhendrī, Cāmuṇḍā, Caṇḍikā; sometimes 16, viz. Gaurī, Padmā, Śacī, Medhā, Sāvitrī, Vijayā, Jayā, Deva-senā, Sva-dhā, Svāhā, Śānti, Puṣṭi, Dhṛti, Tuṣṭi, Ātma-devatā and Kula-devatā; they are closely connected with the worship of Śiva and are described as attending on his son Skanda or Kārttikeya, to whom at first only 7 Mātṛs were assigned, but later an innumerable number; also the 13 wives of Kaśyapa are called, lokānām mātaraḥ), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pur.]; [Hcat.] ([RTL. 222] &c.)
(pl.) the 8 classes of female ancestors (viz. mothers, grandmothers, great-grandmothers, paternal and maternal aunts &c., [Saṃskārak.]; but the word ‘mother’ is also applied to other female relatives and in familiar speech to elderly women generally)
an unreal or illusory image, phantom, apparition, [ib.] (esp. ibc. = false, unreal, illusory; cf. comp.)
duplicity (with Buddhists one of the 24 minor evil passions), [Dharmas. 69] (in phil.) Illusion (identified in the Sāṃkhya with Prakṛti or Pradhāna and in that system, as well as in the Vedānta, regarded as the source of the visible universe), [IW. 83]; [108]
(with Śaivas) one of the 4 Pāśas or snares which entangle the soul, [Sarvad.]; [MW.]
(with Vaiṣṇavas) one of the 9 Śaktis or energies of Viṣṇu, [L.]
Illusion personified (sometimes identified with Durgā, sometimes regarded as a daughter of Anṛta and Nirṛti or Nikṛti and mother of Mṛtyu, or as a daughter of Adharma), [Pur.]
mā́ṣa m. (n. g. ardharcādi) a bean, [RV.] &c. &c. (sg. the plant; pl. the fruit; in later times = Phaseolus Radiatus, a valued kind of pulse having seeds marked with black and grey spots)
a partic. weight of gold (= 5 Kṛṣṇalas = 1/10 Suvarṇa; the weight in common use is said to be about 17 grains troy), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]
a cutaneous eruption resembling beans, [L.]
a fool, blockhead, [L.]
N. of a man g. bāhv-ādi
pl. (with or scil. akṛṣṭāḥ) ‘wild beans’, N. of a Ṛṣi-gaṇa (the children of Su-rabhi, to whom, [RV. ix, 86, 1]-[10] is ascribed), [RAnukr.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]
‘princess of the Madras’, N. of the second wife of Pāṇḍu and mother of the twins Nakula and Sahadeva (who were really the sons of the Aśvins), [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.
of the wife of Saha-deva (also called Vijayā), [MBh.]
mā́nda mf(A)n. (√ mand) ‘gladdening’, N. of water in partic. formularies, [VS.]; [TS.]; [Kāṭh.]
mfn. (fr. manda) relating to the higher apsis of a planet's course (°daṃ karma, the process of correction for the apsis; °dam phalam, the equation of the apsis), [Sūryas.]
m. (in most meanings fr. mṛga, of which it is also the Vṛddhi form in comp.) seeking, search, tracing out, hunting, [L.]
(exceptionally also n.; ifc. f(A). ) the track of a wild animal, any track, road, path, way to (loc. or comp.) or through (comp.), course (also of the wind and the stars), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (mārgaṃ-√ dā or yam, with gen. of pers., to give up the way to, allow to pass; māgeṇa ifc. = by way of i.e. through, across or along; with √ yā, to go the way of i.e. suffer the same fate as; mārgais ifc., through; mārgāya, with gen., in order to make way for any one; mārge, by the wayside or on the way; with pra-√ cal, to set out on one's way; nijamārgaṃ-√ gam, to go one's way)
a walk, journey, [VarBṛS.]
reach, range, [Kir.]
a scar, mark (left by a wound &c.), [Ragh.]
(in medic.) a way, passage, channel (in any part of the body, esp. the intestinal canal, anus)
a way, expedient, means, [Kām.]; [Kathās.] (mārgeṇa, by means of [VarBṛS.])
a way, manner method, custom, usage, [Up.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.
the right way, proper course, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] (cf. āmārga)
(with Buddhists) the way or path pointed out by Buddha for escape from the misery of existence (one of the 4 noble truths), [MWB. 44] (cf. āryāṣṭāṅga-m°)
a title or head in law, ground for litigation, [Mn. viii, 3], [9] &c.
a way of speaking or writing, diction, style, [Kāvyād.]; [Sāh.]
a high (opp. to ‘vulgar’) style of acting or dancing or singing, [Inscr.]; [Daśar.]
(in dram.) pointing out the way, indicating how anything is to take place, [Daśar.]; [Sāh.]
(in astrol.) the 7th mansion, [VarYogay.]
(in geom.) a section, [W.]
musk, [L.] (cf. mṛga-mada)
the month Mārgaśīrṣa (November-December), [Rājat.]
the constellation Mṛga-śiras, [L.]
N. of Viṣṇu (as ‘the way’, scil. to final emancipation), [MBh.]
mf(I)n. belonging to or coming from game or deer, [R.]; [Var.]; [Suśr.]
mā́trā f. measure (of any kind), quantity, size, duration, number, degree &c., [RV.] &c. &c. (bhūyasyā mātrayā, in a higher degree, [Lalit.])
unit of measure, foot, [VarBṛS.]
unit of time, moment, [Suśr.]; [ŚārṅgS.] (= nimeṣa, [VP.]; ifc. = lasting so many moments, [Gaut.])
metrical unit, a mora or prosodial instant i.e. the length of time required to pronounce a short vowel (a long vowel contains 2 Mātrās, and a prolated vowel 3), [Prāt.]
musical unit of time (3 in number), [Pañcat.]
(only once ifc.) the full measure of anything (= mātra), [Hariv. 7125]
right or correct measure, order, [RV.]; [ChUp.]
a minute portion, particle, atom, trifle, [ŚBr.] &c. &c. (°trayā, ind. in small portions, in slight measure, moderately, [Daś.]; [Suśr.])
[f.] rājeti kiyatī mātrā, of what account is a king? a king is a mere trifle, [Pañcat.]
kā mātrā samudrasya, what is the importance of the sea? the sea will easily be managed, [ib.]
an element (5 in number), [BhP.]
matter, the material world, [MaitrUp.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]
m. a Brāhman of the lowest order i.e. only by birth, [Hcat.]
n. an element, elementary matter, [BhP.]
(ifc.) measure, quantity, sum, size, duration, measure of any kind (whether of height, depth, breadth, length, distance, time or number, e.g. aṅgula-mātram, a finger's breadth, [Pañcat.]; artha-mātram, a certain sum of money, [ib.]; krośa-mātre, at the distance of a Kos, [Hit.] ; māsa-mātre, in a month, [Lāṭy.]; śata-mātram, a hundred in number, [Kathās.])
the full or simple measure of anything, the whole or totality, the one thing and no more, often = nothing but, entirely, only (e.g. rāja-mātram, the whole class of kings, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; bhaya-m°, all that may be called danger, any danger, [VarBṛS.]; rati-m°, nothing but sensuality, [Mn.]; śabda-mātreṇa, only by a sound, [Śak.])
mf(A and I)n. (ifc.) having the measure of, i.e. as large or high or long or broad or deep or far or much or many (cf. aṅguṣṭha-, tāla-, bāhu-, yava-, tāvan-, etāvan-m°)
possessing (only) as much as or no more than (cf. prāṇa-yātrika-m°)
amounting (only) to (pleonastically after numerals; cf. tri-m°)
being nothing but, simply or merely (cf. padāti-, manuṣya-m°; after a pp. = scarcely, as soon as, merely, just, e.g. jāta-m°, scarcely or just born, [Mn.]; kṛṣṭa-m°, merely ploughed, [KātyŚr.]; bhukta-mātre, immediately after eating, [Mn.])