the 4th consonant of the Sanskṛt alphabet (aspirate of the preceding).
ind. (used to lay stress on a word) at least, surely, verily, indeed, especially (= Gk. γε), [RV.]; [AV. v, 13, 10] & [11]; [vi, 1, 3.] In the Saṃhitā the final vowel is generally lengthened (ghā, cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 133])
as a rule it is preceded by other particles (utá, utó, utá vā, cid, ná, vā) or by a pronoun or a preposition
it is also found between iva and íd
or between iva and íd aha, or between vā and íd
sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence (e.g. ā́ ghā gamad yádi śrávat, ‘he will surely come when he hears’, [RV. i, 30, 8]), [i, 161, 8]; [viii, 46, 4.]
not used in pr. (cl. 1. ghasati, [Dhātup. xvii, 65]), but supplies certain tenses (esp. aor. and Desid. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]) of √ ad (aor. 2. and 3. sg. ághas, [RV.]; aghās (?), [AV. xx, 129, 16]; 3. sg. aghat, aghasat [? [JaimBr.]; [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]], ajīghasat [[MaitrS.]]; 3. pl. ákṣan, [RV.]; [AV.]; aghasan, [Bhaṭṭ.] [[Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]]; 2. du. ághastām; 2. pl. aghasta; Subj. 2. sg. ghásas, 3. sg. °sat, [RV.]; 3. pl. kṣan, [x, 95, 15]; Impv. 3. du. ghástām; pf. jaghā́sa, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; 3. pl. jakṣur, [ŚBr. ii]; Pot. jakṣīyā́t, [RV. x, 28, 1]; p. jakṣivás, [AV.]; [VS.]; f. °kṣúṣī, [ŚBr. ii]), to consume or devour, eat: Desid. jíghatsati (cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]; [vii, 4, 49], [Kāś.]), to wish to consume or devour, wish to eat, [AV. v, 18, 1] and [19, 6]; [vi, 140, 1]; [ŚBr. i, 9, 2, 12]; [MBh. ii, 1485] (cf. √ jakṣ.)
cl. 1. Ā. °ṭate (exceptionally P. °ti, [MBh. iii, 14703]; [Vet. ii, 9/10]; jaghaṭe, ghaṭiṣyate [[Naiṣ.]], aghaṭiṣṭa, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to be intently occupied about, be busy with, strive or endeavour after, exert one's self for (loc. dat. acc. [[MBh. iii, 14703]], prati, -artham and arthe; inf. [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 65]; [Bhaṭṭ.]); to reach, come to (loc.), [Vet. ii, 9/10]; to fall to the share of (loc.), [Naiṣ. x, 47]; to take effect, answer, [Kathās. cxxiv]; [Rājat. vi, 361]; to happen, take place, be possible, suit, [BhP.]; [Hcar.]; [Śiś. ix, 4]; [Ratnāv.]; [Naiṣ.]; [Sarvad.] &c.; to be in connection or united with (instr.), [Mālatīm. ii, 8]; [Daś. viii, 34]; [Rājat. iv, 617]; (for √ ghaṭṭ) to hurt with words, speak of malignantly, [Hariv. ii, 1, 31] : Caus. P. ghaṭayati ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 92]; exceptionally Ā. °te, [Rājat. iv, 543]), to join together, connect, bring together, unite, [Suśr.]; [Śiś. ix, 87]; [Naiṣ. i, 46]; [Ratnāv.]; to shut, [Hcar. v, 253] (v.l.); to put or place or lay on (loc.), [Gīt. v], [vii], [xii]; to bring near, procure, [Bhartṛ. iii, 18]; [Amar.]; [Kathās. xviii]; [Vet.]; to effect, accomplish, produce, make, form, fashion, [Mṛcch.]; [VarBṛ.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to do a service (acc.) to any one (gen.), [Rājat. v, 543]; to impel, [Bhaṭṭ. x, 73]; to exert one's self, [MBh. iii, 14702]; (for √ ghaṭṭ, Caus.) to rub, graze, touch, move, agitate, [iv], [vi] (C), [vii], [xii] ([5363], C): Caus. ghāṭayati, to hurt, injure, [Dhātup. xxxiii, 49]; to unite or put together, [ib.]; ‘to speak’ or ‘to shine’ [93.]
cl. 1. Ā. °ṭṭate See vi-, saṃ-: cl. 10. P. °ṭṭayati, to rub (the hands) over, touch, shake, cause to move, [Hariv. 6473]; [Suśr.]; [Kāvyād. iii, 110]; to stir round, [Suśr. iv, 14, 8]; to have a bad effect or influence on (acc.), [Car. viii, 7, 28]; (cf. √ ghaṭ) to hurt with words, speak of malignantly, [MBh. vi, 2894] (B); [xii, 5363] (B); [Hariv. 3210] (pr. p. °ṭṭayāna).
gharmá m. (√ 2. ghṛ) heat, warmth (of the sun or of fire), sunshine, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.
the hot season, [R. i, 63, 24]; [Ragh. xvi, 43]; [VarBṛS.]
internal heat, [R. ii, 75, 45] (v.l.)
perspiration, [L.]
day (opposed to night), [Jyot. (YV) 9]
a cauldron, boiler, esp. the vessel in which the milk-offering to the Aśvins is boiled, [RV.]; [AV. vii]; [VS. viii, 61]; [AitBr. i]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [Lāṭy.]
a cavity in the earth shaped like a cauldron (from which Atri was rescued by the Aśvins; ‘heat’, [Gmn.]), [RV.]
hot milk or any other hot beverage offered as an oblation (esp. to the Aśvins), [RV.]; [AV. iv, 1, 2]; [VS. xxxviii]; [ŚBr. iv], [xiv]; [KātyŚr.]; [ĀśvŚr.]
N. of Tāpasa (author of [RV. x, 114])
of Saurya (author of [181, 3])
of a son of Anu (father of Ghṛta), [Hariv. 1840] (v.l.)