dharma धर्म dhárma m. (rarely n. g. ardharcādi; the older form of the [RV.] is dhárman, q.v.) that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, ordinance, law usage, practice, customary observance or prescribed conduct, duty right, justice (often as a synonym of punishment) virtue, morality, religion, religious merit, good works (dhármeṇa ind. or °māt ind. according to right or rule, rightly, justly, according to the nature of anything; cf. below; °mesthita mfn. holding to the law, doing one's duty), [AV.] &c. &c. Law or Justice personified (as Indra, [ŚBr.] &c.; as Yama, [MBh.]; as born from the right breast of Yama and father of Śama, Kāma and Harṣa, [ib.]; as Viṣṇu, [Hariv.]; as Prajā-pati and son-in-law of Dakṣa, [Hariv.]; [Mn.] &c.; as one of the attendants of the Sun, [L.]; as a Bull, [Mn. viii, 16]; as a Dove, [Kathās. vii, 89], &c.) the law or doctrine of Buddhism (as distinguished from the saṅgha or monastic order, [MWB. 70]) the ethical precepts of Buddhism (or the principal called sūtra, as distinguished from the abhi-dharma or ‘further dharma’ and from the vinaya or ‘discipline’, these three constituting the canon of Southern Buddhism, [MWB. 61]) the law of Northern Buddhism (in 9 canonical scriptures, viz. Prajñā-pāramitā, Gaṇḍa-vyūha, Daśa-bhūmīśvara, Samādhirāja, Laṅkāvatāra, Saddharma-puṇḍarīka, Tathā-gata-guhyaka, Lalita-vistara, Suvarṇa-prabhāsa,[ib.] [69]) nature, character, peculiar condition or essential quality, property, mark, peculiarity (= sva-bhāva, [L.]; cf. daśa-dh°arma-gata, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; upamānopameyayor dh°, the tertium comparationis, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 55], Sch.) a partic. ceremony, [MBh. xiv, 2623] sacrifice, [L.] the ninth mansion, [Var.] an Upaniṣad, [L.] associating with the virtuous, [L.] religious abstraction, devotion, [L.] = upamā, [L.] (cf. above) a bow, [Dharmaś.] a thing, [Sukh. i] a Soma-drinker, [L.] N. of the 15th Arhat of the present Ava-sarpiṇī, [L.] of a son of Anu and father of Ghṛta, [Hariv.] of a son of Gāndhāra and father of Dhṛta, [Pur.] of a son of Haihaya and father of Netra, [BhP.] of a son of Pṛthu-śravas and of Uśanas, [ib.] of a son of Su-vrata, [VP.] (cf. dharma-sūtra) of a son of Dīrgha-tapas, [VāyuP.] of a king of Kaśmīra, [Rāj. iv, 678] of another man, [ib.] [vii, 85] of a lexicographer &c. (also -paṇḍita, -bhaṭṭa and -śāstrin), [Cat.] [cf. Lat. firmus, Lith. dermė́.] Nom. P. °mati, to become, law, [Vop.] dhárma in comp. for °man, q.v. See p. 510, col. 3. dharman धर्मन् dharmán m. bearer, supporter, arranger, [RV.] N. of a son of Bṛhad-rāja and father of Kṛtaṃ-jaya, [VP.] dhárman n. (older than dhárma, q.v., in later language mostly ifc.; cf. below) support, prop, hold, [RV.]; [VS.] established order of things, steadfast decree (of a god, esp. of Mitra-Varuṇa), any arrangement or disposition will, pleasure law, rule, duty practice, custom, mode, manner (dhármaṇā, °mabhis; °maṇas pári in regular order, naturally; svāya dhar maṇe at one's own pleasure; dharmaṇi with the permission of, ádhi dh° against the will of [gen.]), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] (esp. ifc.) nature, quality, characteristic mark or attribute, [ŚBr.] (cf. an-ucchitti-), [MBh.] (cf. uñcha- [add.], kṣatra-, phala-, phena.), [Var.] (cf. dasyu- [add.]), [Kap.] (cf. cid-dh° [add.]), [Kāv.] (cf. vināśa-.). dharmaṇa धर्मण m. a kind of snake, [L.] a kind of tree, Grewia Elastica, [L.] dharmada धर्मद dharma—da mfn. giving or granting virtue, [Hariv.] dharma—da m. N. of one of the attendants of Skanda, [MBh.] dharmaja धर्मज dharma—ja mfn. produced by a sense of duty, [Mn. ix, 107] dharma—ja m. = the next. dharmaka धर्मक mfn. ifc. = 1. dhárma m. N. of a man, [Inscr.] dharmasū धर्मसू dharma—sū́ mfn. promoting order or justice, [TBr.] dharma—sū́ m. the fork-tailed shrike, [L.] dharmatā धर्मता dharma—tā f. essence, inherent nature, [Buddh.] the being law or right, [Jātakam.] dharmayu धर्मयु mfn. righteous, virtuous, [L.] dharmabhṛt धर्मभृत् dharma—bhṛt m. ‘law-supporter’, N. of princes and other men, [MBh.] &c. &c. (cf. -dhṛt). dharmadhṛk धर्मधृक् dharma—dhṛk m. N. of a son of Śiva-phalka, [Hariv.]; [VP.] (lit. = next or fr. √ dhṛṣ?). dharmadhṛt धर्मधृत् dharma—dhṛ́t mfn. ‘upholding order’, applied to the gods, [AV.] dharmaghna धर्मघ्न dharma—ghna mf(I)n. ‘destroying law or right’, unlawful, immoral, [Yājñ.] dharma—ghna m. Terminalia Bellerica (whose seeds are used as dice), [L.] dharmadṛś धर्मदृश् dharma—dṛś mfn. seeing the right, regarding piety, [MW.] dharmagup धर्मगुप् dharma—gup mfn. protecting or observing the law, [MBh.] dharmajña धर्मज्ञ dharma—jña mfn. knowing the law or what is right, [Mn.]; [Var.]; [MBh.] &c. dharmakṛt धर्मकृत् dharma—kṛ́t mfn. (2. See under 3. dharma) doing one's duty, virtuous, [MBh.] dharma—kṛ́t m. maintainer of order (Indra), [RV. viii, 87, 1.] dharmamṛj धर्ममृज् dharma—mṛj m. (nom. mṛk) v.l. for -dhṛk, [Hariv.] dharmarāj धर्मराज् dharma—rāj m. ‘king of justice’, N. of Yama, [Mn.]; [BhP.] of Yudhiṣṭhira, [MBh.] of a king of the herons (son of Kaśyapa and an Apsaras), [MBh. xii, 6350] (cf. rāja-dharman and dharmāṅga). dharmastha धर्मस्थ dharma—stha m. ‘abiding in the law’, a judge, [Mn. viii, 27.] dharmatas धर्मतस् dharma—tas ind. according to law or rule, rightly, justly, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pañc.] from a virtuous motive, [Mn. viii, 103] ifc. = dharmāt, from the rules of [VP. iii, 7, 20.] dharmatva धर्मत्व dharma—tva n. inherent nature, peculiar property, [Kap.]; [Sāh.] morality, piety, [W.] dharmavat धर्मवत् dharma—vat mfn. (2. see under 3. dharma) virtuous, pious, just, [L.] dhárma—vat (dhárma), mfn. accompanied by Dharman or the law (Aśvins), [viii, 35, 13.] dharmavid धर्मविद् dharma—vid mfn. knowing the law or duty, virtuous, pious, [Gaut.]; [MBh.] dharmayuj धर्मयुज् dharma—yuj mfn. = -yukta, [L.] dharmabhīru धर्मभीरु dharma—bhīru mfn. forgetful (lit. afraid) of duty, [Kautukar.] dharmabhṛta धर्मभृत dharma—bhṛta m. N. of a son of the 13th Manu, [Hariv.] (v.l. -bhṛtha). dharmadhātu धर्मधातु dharma—dhātu m. ‘the element of law or of existence’, one of the 18 Dhātus of the Buddhists a Buddha (whose essence is law), [L.] dharmadhara धर्मधर dharma—dhara m., ‘law-supporter’, N. of a partic. Samādhi of a prince of the Kiṃnaras of a Bodhi-sattva, [Buddh.] dharmadhenu धर्मधेनु dharma—dhenu f. = -dogdhrī, [VP.] dharmaghaṭa धर्मघट dharma—ghaṭa m. a jar of fragrant water offered daily in the month Vaiśākha, [L.] dharmaghoṣa धर्मघोष dharma—ghoṣa m. N. of an author, [Car.] dharmaśālā धर्मशाला dharma—śālā f. court of justice, tribunal, [W.] charitable asylum, hospital esp. religious asylum, [L.]; [RTL. 153.] dharmaśīla धर्मशील dharma—śīla mfn. of a virtuous disposition, just, pious, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] dharma—śīla m. N. of a man, [Kathās.] of a woman, [Śukas.] dharmabala धर्मबल dharma—bala m. ‘law-strength’, N. of a man, [Buddh.] dharmacara धर्मचर dharma—cara m. ‘law-observer’, N. of a Deva-Putra, [Lalit.] dharmadāna धर्मदान dharma—dāna n. a gift made from duty, [L.] dharmadāra धर्मदार dharma—dāra m. pl. a lawful wife, [Kathās.] dharmadāsa धर्मदास dharma—dāsa m. ‘duty-slave’, N. of a man, [Buddh.] of sev. authors (a poet, a grammarian and a Sch. on Karpūra-mañjarī), [Cat.] dharmadīpa धर्मदीप dharma—dīpa m. N. of wk. dharmadeva धर्मदेव dharma—deva m. the god of justice, [MBh.] dharmadruh धर्मद्रुह् dharma—druh mfn. violating the law or right, [Mcar. ii, 7.] dharmadughā धर्मदुघा dharma—dughā f. a cow milked for a sacrifice, [BhP.] dharmagopa धर्मगोप dharma—gopa m. N. of a king, [Kathās.] dharmahāni धर्महानि dharma—hāni f. neglect of duty, [Āpast.] dharmahīna धर्महीन dharma—hīna mfn. standing out side the law, [Gaut.] dharmakāla धर्मकाल dharma—kāla m. (kāya?) a Jina, [Gal.] dharmakāma धर्मकाम dharma—kāma mfn. loving justice, observing right, [R.] dharma—kāma m. N. of a demon, on (son of Pāpīyas), [Lalit.] dharmakāra धर्मकार dharma—kāra m. ‘law-doer’, N. of a man, [MW.] dharmakāya धर्मकाय dharma—kāya m. ‘law-body’, N. of one of the 3 bodies of a Buddha, [Vajracch.]; [MWB. 246] ‘having the law for body’, a Buddha, [L.] a Jaina saint, [W.] N. of Avalokiteśvara, [Buddh.] of a god of the Bodhi tree, [Lalit.] dharmakīla धर्मकील dharma—kīla m. royal edict or grant (also -ka), [L.] husband, [Gal.] dharmakūpa धर्मकूप dharma—kūpa m. ‘holy well’, N. of a Tīrtha, [SkandaP.] dharmakūṭa धर्मकूट dharma—kūṭa m. N. of Sch. on [R.]; [Cat.] dharmakathā धर्मकथा dharma—kathā f. discourse upon law &c., [MW.] dharmaketu धर्मकेतु dharma—ketu m. ‘having justice for a banner’, N. of a son of Su-ketu and father of Satya-ketu, [Hariv.]; [Pur.] a Buddha, [Lalit.] a Jaina saint, [W.] dharmakośa धर्मकोश dharma—kośa or dharma—koṣa, m. the treasury or collective body of laws and duties, [Mn. i, 99]; N. of wk. [Cat.] dharmakoṣa धर्मकोष dharma—kośa or dharma—koṣa, m. the treasury or collective body of laws and duties, [Mn. i, 99]; N. of wk. [Cat.] dharmalopa धर्मलोप dharma—lopa m. violation of law, neglect of duty, irreligion, [MBh.] absence of an attribute, [Sāh.] dharmamūla धर्ममूल dharma—mūla the foundation of law and religion, the Vedas, [Gaut.] dharmamati धर्ममति dharma—mati m. ‘pious-minded’, N. of a prince and of a god of the Bodhi tree. dharmamaya धर्ममय dharma—maya mf(I)n. consisting merely in law or virtue, moral, righteous, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.] dharmameghā धर्ममेघा dharma—meghā f. N. of one of the 10 Bhūmis, [Buddh.] dharmamegha धर्ममेघ dharma—megha m. a partic. Samādhi, [Yogas.] (-dhyāna; n. a partic. state of mind connected with it, [ib.], Sch.) dharmameru धर्ममेरु dharma—meru m. N. of Comm. on [Ragh.] dharmanābha धर्मनाभ dharma—nābha m. ‘law-centre’, N. of Viṣṇu, [L.] of a king, [Cat.] dharmanāśā धर्मनाशा dharma—nāśā f. ‘law-ruin’, N. of a fictitious city, [Kautukas.] dharmanātha धर्मनाथ dharma—nātha m. legal protector, [R.] dharmanada धर्मनद dharma—nada m. N. of a sacred lake, [SkandaP.] dharmapāśa धर्मपाश dharma—pāśa m. ‘band of law or duty’, N. of a partic. mythical weapon, [R.] dharmapāla धर्मपाल dharma—pāla m. ‘law guardian’ fig. = punishment or sword, [MBh. xii, 4429]; [6204] N. of a minister of king Daśa-ratha, [R.] of a great scholar, [Buddh.] of a prince, [Inscr.] of a poet, [Cat.] dharmapīṭhā धर्मपीठा dharma—pīṭhā f. N. of a serpent-maiden, [Kāraṇḍ.] dharmapīṭha धर्मपीठ dharma—pīṭha m., ‘law-seat’, N. of a place in Vārāṇasī, [SkandaP.] dharmapīḍā धर्मपीडा dharma—pīḍā f. transgression of law or duty, [Daś.] dharmapūta धर्मपूत dharma—pūta mfn. purified by virtue, most virtuous, [Daś.] dharmapatha धर्मपथ dharma—patha m. = next, [R.] N. of a merchant, [L.] dharmapara धर्मपर dharma—para mfn. intent on virtue, pious, righteous, [Āpast.]; [Var.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] dharmapati धर्मपति dhárma—pati (dhárma-), m. the lord or guardian of law and order, [VS.]; [ŚBr.] dharmapura धर्मपुर dharma—pura n. ‘law-city’, N. of Ayodhyā, [R.] of a town situated on the Narmadā river, [W.] dharmarāja धर्मराज dharma—rāja m. ‘id.’ a just or righteous king, [Hariv.] any king or prince, [L.] a Buddha, [L.] N. of Yama, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Daś.] &c. (-tā f., [MBh.]) of Yudhiṣṭhira, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] (-purogama mfn. headed by Y°, [MW.]) Law conceived as a king, [Kāraṇḍ.] N. of sev. authors (also -dīkṣita m. [-dīkṣi°tīya n. his wk.], -putra m., -bhaṭṭa m., °jādhvari-vara m. and °jādhvaríndra m.) dharmaratha धर्मरथ dharma—ratha m. ‘law-chariot’, N. of a son of Sagara, [Hariv.] of Divi-ratha, [Pur.] dharmarata धर्मरत dharma—rata mfn. ‘delighting in virtue’, virtuous, [Kāv.] dharmarati धर्मरति dharma—rati mfn. id., [Ragh.] N. of a demon, [Lalit.] dharmaruci धर्मरुचि dharma—ruci mfn. delighting in or devoted to virtue, [Āpast.] dharma—ruci m. N. of a Dānava, [Kathās.] of a god of the Bodhi tree, [Lalit.] of a man, [Buddh.] dharmasāra धर्मसार dharma—sāra m. ‘law-essence’, N. of wk. dharmasabhā धर्मसभा dharma—sabhā f. court of justice, tribunal, [L.] dharmasena धर्मसेन dharma—sena m. N. of a king, [Vet.] of an author, [Cat.] dharmasetu धर्मसेतु dharma—setu m. barrier of law or justice, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.] N. of Śiva, [Śivag.] of a son of Āryaka, [BhP.] dharmasuta धर्मसुत dharma—suta m. ‘son of Dharma’, N. of Yudhiṣṭhira, [BhP.] dharmatayā धर्मतया dharma—tayā ind. ifc. by way or means of [Divyāv.] dharmavāda धर्मवाद dharma—vāda m. discussion or argument about law or duty, [R.] dharmavāha धर्मवाह dharma—vāha m. ‘whose vehicle is the law’, just, virtuous, [MBh.] dharmavīra धर्मवीर dharma—vīra n. virtuous heroism, [Sāh.] dharmavatī धर्मवती dharma—vatī f. N. of a Mudrā, [Buddh.] N. of women, [Kathās.] dharmavidhi धर्मविधि dharma—vidhi m. course of law legal precept or injunction, [Mn. x, 131.] dharmayoni धर्मयोनि dharma—yoni m. the womb or source of law, N. of Viṣṇu, [Viṣṇ.] dharmayuga धर्मयुग dharma—yuga n. ‘age of religion’, the Kṛta-yuga, [Hariv.] dharmabhāgin धर्मभागिन् dharma—bhāgin mfn. possessed of virtue, virtuous, [Hit.] dharmabhagna धर्मभग्न dharma—bhagna mfn. one who has neglected his duty, [Hariv.] dharmabhrātṛ धर्मभ्रातृ dharma—bhrātṛ m. a brother in respect of religion or piety, [Yājñ.] (cf. -bhaginī). dharmadhātrī धर्मधात्री dharma—dhātrī f. female law-supporter &c. (said of the water), [Hariv.]