cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 15]) śaknoti (pf. śaśā́ka, śekúḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. áśakat, [AV.] &c. [Ved. also Pot. śakeyam and śakyām; Impv. śagdhi, śaktam]; fut. śaktā, or śakitā Gr. ; śakṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; śakiṣyate, °te Gr.; inf. -śaktave, [RV.]; śaktum or śakitum Gr.), to be strong or powerful, be able to or capable of or competent for (with acc. dat. or loc., rarely acc. of a verbal noun, or with an inf. in am or tum; or with pr.p.; e.g. with grahaṇāya or grahaṇe, ‘to be able to seize’; vadha-nirṇekam a-śaknuvan, ‘unable to atone for slaughter’; śakéma vājíno yámam, ‘may we be able to guide horses’; vīkṣitum na śaknoti, ‘he is not able to see’; pūrayan na śaknoti, ‘he is not able to fill’), [RV.] &c. &c. (in these meanings ep. also śakyati, °te, with inf. in tuṃ cf. [Dhātup. xxvi, 78]); to be strong or exert one's self for another (dat.), aid, help, assist, [RV. vii, 67, 5]; [68, 8] &c.; to help to (dat. of thing), [ib.] [ii, 2, 12]; [iv, 21, 10] &c. : Pass. śakyate (ep. also °ti), to be overcome or subdued, succumb, [MBh.]; to yield, give way, [ib.]; to be compelled or caused by any one (instr.) to (inf.), [ib.]; to be able or capable or possible or practicable (with an inf. in pass. sense, e.g. tat kartuṃ śakyate, ‘that can be done’; sometimes with pass. p., e.g. na śakyate vāryamāṇaḥ, ‘he cannot be restrained’; or used impers., with or with out instr., e.g. yadi [tvayā] śakyate, ‘if it can be done by thee’, ‘if it is possible’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. : Caus. śākayati (aor. aśīśakat), Gr.: Desid. See √ śikṣ.
śáka n. excrement, ordure, dung (cf. śakan, śakṛt), [AV.]
water (v.l. for kaśa), [Naigh. i, 12]
śáka m. a kind of animal, [Pañcar.] (v.l. śala)
w.r. for śuka, [MBh. xiii, 2835]
m. pl. N. of a partic. white-skinned tribe or race of people (in the legends which relate the contests between Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra the Śakas are fabled to have been produced by the Cow of Vasiṣṭha, from her sweat, for the destruction of Viśvāmitra's army; in [Mn. x, 44], they are mentioned together with the Pauṇḍrakas, Oḍras, Draviḍas, Kāmbojas, Javanas or Yavanas, Pāradas, Pahlavas, Cīnas, Kirātas, Daradas, and Khaśas, described by, [Kull.] as degraded tribes of Kṣatriyas called after the districts in which they reside: according to the [VP. iv, 3], king Sagara attempted to rid his kingdom of these tribes, but did not succeed in destroying them all : they are sometimes regarded as the followers of Śaka or Śāli-vāhana, and are probably to be identified with the Tartars or Indo-Scythians [Lat. Sacæ] who overran India before the Āryans, and were conquered by the great Vikramāditya [q.v.]; they really seem to have been dominant in the north-west of India in the last century before and the first two centuries after the beginning of our era), [AV.Pariś.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
a king of the Śakas g. kambojādi (on, [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 175], Vārtt.)
śákṛt n. (the weak cases are optionally formed fr. a base śakán cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 3]; nom. acc. sg. and ibc.; gen. sg. śaknás, [AV.]; instr. śaknā́, [VS.], or śakṛtā, [KātyŚr.] instr. pl. śákabhis, [TS.]; acc. pl. śakṛtas, [VarBṛS.]), excrement, ordure, feces, dung (esp. cow-dung), [RV.] &c. &c.
[cf. Gk. σκώρ, σκατός; accord. to some, κόπρος and Lat. cacare.]
śákti or śaktí f. power, ability, strength, might, effort, energy, capability (śaktyā or ātma-ś° or sva-ś°, ‘according to ability’; paraṃ śaktyā, ‘with all one's might’; vitta-śaktyā, ‘according to the capability of one's property’; śaktim a-hāpayitvā, ‘not relaxing one's efforts, exerting all one's strength’), faculty, skill, capacity for, power over (gen. loc. dat., or inf.), [RV.] &c. &c.
effectiveness or efficacy (of a remedy), [ŚārṅgS.]
regal power (consisting of three parts, prabhutva, personal pre-eminence; mantra, good counsel, and utsāha, energy), [Kām.] (cf. [Ragh. iii, 13])
the energy or active power of a deity personified as his wife and worshipped by the Śākta (q.v.) sect of Hindūs under various names (sometimes only three, sometimes eight Śakti goddesses are enumerated, as follow, Indrāṇī, Vaiṣṇavī, Śāntā, Brahmāṇī, Kaumārī, Nārasiṃhī, Vārāhī, and Māheśvarī, but some substitute Cāmuṇḍā and Caṇḍikā for the third and sixth of these: according to another reckoning there are nine, viz. Vaiṣṇavī, Brahmāṇī, Raudrī, Māheśvarī, Nārasiṃhī, Vārāhī, Indrāṇī, Kārttikī, and Pradhānā: others reckon fifty different forms of the Śakti of Viṣṇu besides Lakṣmī, some of these are Kīrtti, Kānti, Tuṣṭi, Puṣṭā, Dhṛti, Śānti, Kriyā, Dayā, Medhā &c.; and fifty forms of the Śakti of Śiva or Rudra besides Durgā or Gaurī, some of whom are Guṇodarī, Virajā, Śālmalī, Lolākṣī, Vartulākṣī, Dīrgha-ghoṇā, Sudīrgha-mukhī, Go-mukhī, Dīrgha-jihvā, Kuṇḍodarī, Ardha-keśī, Vikṛta-mukhī, Jvālā-mukhī, Ulkāmukhī &c.; Sarasvatī is also named as a Śakti, both of Viṣṇu and Rudra: according to the Vāyu-Purāṇa the female nature of Rudra became twofold, one half asita or white, and the other sita or black, each of these again becoming manifold, those of the white or mild nature included Lakṣmī, Sarasvatī, Gaurī, Umā &c.; those of the dark and fierce nature, Durgā, Kālī &c.), [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]; [Pur.] (cf. [RTL. 181] &c.; [MWB. 216])
the female organ (as worshipped by the Śākta sect either actually or symbolically), [RTL. 140]
the power or signification of a word (defined in the Nyāya as padasya padārthe sambandhaḥ i.e. ‘the relation of a word to the thing designated’), [Bhāṣāp.]; [Sāh.]
(in Gram.) case-power, the idea conveyed by a case (= kāraka), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 7], Sch.
the power or force or most effective word of a sacred text or magic formula, [Up.]; [Pañcar.]
the creative power or imagination (of a poet), [Kāvyād.]
help, aid, assistance, gift, bestowal, [RV.]
a spear, lance, pike, dart, [RV.] &c. (also śaktī, g. bahv-ādi)
a sword, [MW.]
(prob.) a flag-staff (see ratha-ś°)
a partic. configuration of stars and planets (when the latter are situated in the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th astrological house), [VarBṛS.]
śaktí m. N. of a Muni or sage (the eldest of Vasiṣṭha's hundred sons; accord. to [VP.] he was father of Parāśara, and was devoured by king Kalmāṣa-pāda, when changed to a man-eating Rākṣasa, in consequence of a curse pronounced upon him by the sage; he is represented as having overcome Viśvāmitra at the sacrifice of king Saudāsa; he is regarded as the author of [RV. vii, 32], [26]; [ix, 97], [19]-[21]; [108, 3]; [14]-[16]; Śakti is also identified with one of the Vyāsas, and with Avalokiteśvara, and has elsewhere the patr. Jātūkarṇa and Sāṃkṛti), [Pravar.]; [MBh.] &c.
mf(A)n. able, possible, practicable, capable of being (with inf. in pass. sense, e.g. na sā śakyā netum balāt, ‘she cannot be conducted by force’; tan mayā śakyam pratipattum, ‘that is able to be acquired by me’; the form śakyam may also be used with a nom. case which is in a different gender or number, e.g. śakyaṃ śva-māṃsādibhir api kṣut pratihantum, ‘hunger can be appeased even by dog's flesh &c.’; cf. [Vām. v, 2, 25]), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
to be conquered or subdued, liable to be compelled to (inf.), [MBh.]
explicit, direct, literal (as the meaning of a word or sentence, opp. to lakṣya and vyaṅgya), [Alaṃkāraś.]
śa—kāra m. (for 2. See p. 1045) the letter or sound śa, [Prāt.]
m. (for 1. See under 1. śa) a descendant of the Śakas, a Śaka, [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 130]
a king's brother-in-law through one of his inferior wives (esp. in the drama represented as a foolish, frivolous, proud, low, and cruel man, such as is Saṃsthānaka in the Mṛcchakaṭikā, he speaks the dialect of the Śakas i.e. Śākārī, which employs the sibilant ś, exclusively ; hence Śakāra accord. to some, is for, ‘Śa-kāra’, one who uses the letter Śa), [Bhar.]; [Daś.]; [Sāh.] &c.
śákala m. n. (in [ŚBr.] also śákara, of doubtful derivation) a chip, fragment, splint, log. piece, bit, [TS.] &c. &c. (śakalāni √ kṛ, with acc., ‘to separate, divide, dissipate’, [Ragh.])
a potsherd, [Mn. vi, 28]
a spark (in kṛśānu-ś°), [Śiś. v, 9]
śákala n. a half, [Sāh.] (candra-ś°, the half-moon, [Kād.])
mfn. (cf. [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 17]) able, capable (mostly used with na, and giving a pass. sense to the inf., e.g. na śakitaṃ chettum, it could not be cut; also impers., e.g. na śakitaṃ tena, he was not able), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Kathās.]
f. (of śakuna or °ni, col. 2) a female bird, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]
a hen-sparrow, [L.]
Turdus Macrourus, [L.]
N. of a female demon (sometimes identified with Durgā) causing a partic. child's disease (sometimes = pūtanā, and in this sense also śakuni), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]
śakúni m. a bird (esp. a large bird, [L.] = gṛdhra or cilla, accord. to some ‘a cock’), [RV.] &c. &c.
(in astronomy) N. of the first fixed karaṇa (q.v.), [VarBṛS.]
N. of a Nāga, [MBh.]
of an evil demon (son of Duḥ-saha), [MārkP.]
of an Asura (son of Hiraṇyākṣa and father of Vṛka), [Hariv.]; [Pur.]
of the brother of queen Gāndhārī (and therefore the brother-in-law of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and the Mātula or maternal uncle of the Kuru princes; as son of Subala, king of Gāndhāra, he is called Saubala; he often acted as counsellor of Duryodhana, and hence his name is sometimes applied to an old officious relative whose counsels tend to misfortune), [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c. (cf. [IW. 380])
of a son of Vikukṣi and grandson of Ikṣvāku, [Hariv.]
śákvarī f. pl. (wrongly written śakkarī or śarkarī) N. of partic. verses or hymns (esp. of the Mahānāmnī verses belonging to the Śākvara-Sāman), [RPrāt.]; [Gobh.]
a partic. metre (in Vedic texts of 7 × 8 syllables, and therefore called sapta-padā, later any metre of 4 × 14 syllables, e.g. the Vasanta-tilaka q.v.), [TS.]; [Kāṭh.]; [ChUp.] &c.
pl. water, [AV.]; [VS.]; [Gobh.]
du. the arms, [Naigh. ii, 4]
sg. a cow, [AV.]; [PañcavBr.] (cf. [Naigh. ii, 11])
śaka—kāla m. the Śaka era (beginning A.D. 78, and founded by king Śāli-vāhana; an expired year of the Śaka era is converted into the corresponding year A.D. by adding to it 78-79; e.g. 654 expired = A.D. 732-733), [VarBṛS.]; [Rājat.] ([RTL. 433]).
m. N. of a minister of king Nanda (in revenge for ill-treatment he conspired with the Brāhman Cāṇakya to effect his master's death), [Hcar.]; [Kathās.]
śakra—jit m. ‘I°'s conqueror’, N. of the son of Rāvaṇa (his first name was Megha-nāda, but after his victory over Indra, described in the Rāmāyaṇa, Uttara-k°, [xxxiv], it was changed by Brahmā to Śakra-jit = Indra-jit q.v.; he was killed by Lakṣmaṇa), [R.]; [Ragh.] &c.