often used for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line after iti or a verb (e.g. sarva-bhūtāni tam pārtha sadā paribhavanty uta, all creatures, O king, certainly always despise him, [MBh. iii, 1026]), [MBh.]; [Bhag.] &c. (As an interrogative particle, generally at the beginning of the second or following part of a double interrogation) or, utrum-an (e.g. katham nirṇīyate kiṃ syān niṣkāraṇo bandhur uta viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ, how can it be decided whether he be a friend without a motive or a violator of confidence? [Hit.]), [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Sāh.] &c.
in this sense it may be strengthened by āho (e.g. kaccit tvam asi mānuṣī utāho surāṅganā, art thou a mortal woman or divine? Nala), or by āho-svit (e.g. śālihotraḥ kiṃ nu syād utāhosvid rājā nalaḥ, can it be Śālihotra or king Nala?) Rarely kim is repeated before used in this sense (e.g. kim nu svargāt prāptā tasyā rūpeṇa kimutānyāgatā, has she arrived from heaven or has another come in her form? [Mṛcch.]), [Amar.]; [MBh.] &c. (As a particle of wishing, especially at the beginning of a sentence followed by a potential) would that! utinam! (e.g. utādhīyīta, would that he would read!) ( preceded by kim) on the contrary, how much more, how much less (e.g. samartho 'si sahasram api jetuṃ kimutaikam, thou art able to conquer even a thousand, how much more one, [R.]), [Śak.]; [Vikr.]; [Ragh.] &c. ( preceded by prati) on the contrary, rather (e.g. eṣa pṛṣṭo 'smābhir na jalpati hanti praty-uta pāṣāṇaiḥ, this one questioned by us does not speak, but rather throws stones at us), [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c.
uta vā, or else, and (e.g. samudrād uta vā purīṣāt, from the sea or from the moisture in the air)
vā — uta vā or utāho vāpi — vā, either — or
— , both — and (e.g. uta balavān utābalaḥ, both the strong and the weak)
ut-thā (ud-√ sthā, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 61]; cf. ut-tambh, col. 1), P. Ā. (but not Ā. in the sense of ‘rising, standing up’, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 24]) -tiṣṭhati, -te (pf. -tasthau, aor. -asthāt &c.) to stand up, spring up, rise, raise one's self, set out, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Ragh.]; [Śak.]; [Bhag.] &c.; to rise (from the dead), [BhP.]; to rise (from any occupation), leave off; to finish, [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [TāṇḍyaBr.] &c.; to come forth, arise, appear, become visible, result; to spring, originate from, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [TS.]; [MBh.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to come in (as revenues), [Śak.]; to rise (for the performance of any action); to be active or brave; to make efforts, take pains with, strive for; to excel, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.: Caus. -thāpayati (aor. 1. sg. úd-atiṣṭhipam, [AV. vii, 95, 2]) to cause to stand up, raise, rouse, start, [AV.]; [AitBr.]; [TBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Daś.]; [BhP.] &c.; to set up, lift up, erect, [Gobh.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hit.] &c.; to get out, [Hit.]; to drive out, send out, push out, [AitBr.] : [Kathās.]; [BhP.]; to excite; to produce, [Ragh.]; [Sāh.]; to arouse, awaken, raise to life, make alive, animate; to stir up, agitate, [ŚBr.]; [KauṣUp.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; [Kathās.] &c.: Desid. -tiṣṭhāsati, to wish or intend to stand up, [ŚBr. xi, 1, 6, 5]; to intend to leave off (a sacrifice), [Nyāyam.]
ut-√ kṝ (ud-√ kṝ) P. -kirati, to scatter upwards; to pile up, heap up, [Ragh.]; [R.]; to dig up or out, excavate, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [MBh.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to engrave, [Vikr.]; [Ragh.]
ut-√ pū (ud-√ pū) P. Ā. -punāti, -punīte, to cleanse, purify, [AV. xii, 1, 30]; [VS. i, 12]; [TBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Gobh.] &c.; to extract (anything that has been) purified, [TBr. iii, 7, 12, 6.]
ut-√ pṛ (ud- √ 1. pṛ), Caus. -pārayati (aor. 1. sg. -apīparam, [AV.]) to transport over, conduct out of (the ocean), [RV. i, 182, 6]; to save, [AV. viii, 1, 17]; [18]; [19], and [viii, 2, 9.]
ut-√ sṛ (ud-√ sṛ) P. -sarati, to hasten away, escape, [AV. iii, 9, 5]; [MBh.] : Caus. -sārayati, to expel, turn out, drive away, put or throw away, leave off, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Kathās.]; [BhP.]; to send away, [Rājat.]; to cause to come out, [MBh.]; to challenge, [MBh.]
ut-tṝ (ud-√ tṝ) P. -tarati and -tirati (Ved.) to pass out of (especially jalāt, water, with abl.) to disembark; to come out of [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Śak.]; [Mṛcch.] &c.; to escape from (a misfortune, affliction, &c.), [BhP.]; [Kathās.]; to come down, descend, alight, put up at, [Vet.]; to pass over; to cross (a river, with acc.); to vanquish, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Hariv.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to give up, leave, [MBh.]; to elevate, strengthen, increase, [RV.]; [VS.]; [SV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] : Caus. -tārayati, to cause to come out; to deliver, assist, rescue, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to make any one alight, take down, take off, [Pañcat.]; [Vet.]; to cause to pass over; to convey or transport across, land, disembark, [Pañcat.]; to vomit up: Desid. -titīrṣati, to wish to cross, [MBh.]
ut-√ khan (ud-√ khan) P. -khanati (pf. -cakhāna) to dig up or out, to excavate; to tear out by the roots, root up, [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; [Ragh.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to draw or tear out, [Kauś.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to destroy entirely, [Ragh.]; [Rājat.]; [Pañcat.]
ut-√ kṛt (ud-√ kṛt) P. -kṛntati, to cut out or off, tear out or off; to cut up, cut in pieces, carve, butcher, [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to destroy, ruin, extirpate: Pass. -kṛtyate, to perish, [AitBr. vi, 23, 7.]
ut-√ kṛt (ud-√ kṛt) P. -kṛṇatti, to continue spinning, [RV. x, 130, 2.]
ut-√ kṛṣ (ud-√ kṛṣ) P. sometimes Ā. -karṣati, -te, to draw or drag or pull up; to raise; to draw or take out; to extract; to pull or put off, [MāṇḍUp.]; [MBh.]; [Ragh.]; [Suśr.]; [R.] &c.; to put off, delay, [Nyāyam.]; to bend (a bow); to tear asunder: Caus. -karṣayati, to elevate, raise, increase, [Sāh.] : Pass. -kṛṣyate, to be lifted or drawn up; to be raised, rise, become powerful, become eminent, [MBh.] &c. (cf. ut-kṛṣṭa).
ut-kuc (ud-√ kuc), -kucati, to bend upwards or asunder, crook, [Kauś.]; to open (as a flower) : Caus. -kocayati, to cause to bend or to open (e.g. a flower).
ut-√ paś (ud-√ paś) P. -paśyati (p. -páśyat. Pass. ud-dṛśyate) to see or descry overhead, [RV. i, 50, 10]; [AitBr. ii, 31]; to descry before or in the future; to foresee, expect, [Ragh.]; [Megh.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to behold, perceive, descry, [Megh.]; [Śiś.]
ut-√ pad (ud-√ pad) Ā. -padyate, to arise, rise, originate, be born or produced; to come forth, become visible, appear; to be ready, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [Kathās.]; [BhP.]; [Prab.] &c.; to take place, begin, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 111] : Caus. P. -pādayati (rarely Ā. -te), to produce, beget, generate; to cause, effect; to cause to issue or come forth, bring forward, [Hariv.]; [MBh.]; [Yājñ.]; [Mn.]; [Kathās.]; [Hit.] &c.; to mention, quote (see ut-panna).
ut-√ pat (ud-√ pat) P. -patati (p. -pátat, [RV. ii, 43, 3]; [AV. xix, 65, 1]; aor. -apaptat, [RV. i, 191, 9]; p. fut. -patiṣyát, [AV. xviii, 4, 14]) to fly or jump up, fly upwards; to ascend, rise, [RV.]; [AV.]; [AitBr.]; [TBr.]; [Hariv.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to rise (from one's bed), [MBh.]; to shoot up, [ChUp.]; to start from, leave, run away, [AitBr.]; [MBh.]; to jump out, hasten out, come out, [Hariv.]; [R.]; [Hit.] &c.; to rise, be produced, originate, [MBh.]; [BhP.] : Caus. P. -pātayati, to cause to fly up or to rise, [RV.]; [AV.] : Desid. (impf. -apipatiṣat, [ŚBr. x, 2, 1, 1]) to wish or intend to fly up.
ut-paṭ (ud-√ paṭ), Caus. -pāṭayati, to tear up or out, pluck, pull out, break out, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Gaut.]; [Suśr.]; [Mn.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to draw out (a sword from its scabbard), [Prasannar.]; to open (the eyes &c.), [Daś.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to root up, eradicate, extirpate, [R.]; [Rājat.] &c.; to drive away, banish ; to dethrone, [R.]; [Rājat.] &c.: Pass. of the Caus. -pāṭyate, to be cleft; to part asunder, split, [Suśr.]
ut-√ plu (ud-√ plu) Ā. -plavate (rarely P. -ti), to swim upwards, emerge, [Suśr.]; [ṢaḍvBr.]; [Kād.]; to draw near, approach (as clouds), [Kāṭh.]; to spring up, jump up or upwards, jump out, leap up, [Mn.]; [Hariv.]; [Hit.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to jump over; to bound Comm. on [Mn.]; to spring upon; to rise, arise, [R.]; [Kathās.]
ut-√ sad (ud-√ sad) P. Ā. -sīdati, -te (Ved. 3. pl. út-sadan) to sit upwards; to raise one's self or rise up to (acc.), [[Gmn.]], [RV. viii, 63, 2]; to withdraw, leave off, disappear; to sink, settle down, fall into ruin or decay, be abolished, [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Bhag.]; [BhP.] &c.: Caus. -sādayati, to put away, remove, [ŚBr.]; [ĀśvŚr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to abolish, destroy, annihilate, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; [Mn.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to anoint, rub, chafe, [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]
ut-√ sah (ud-√ sah) Ā. -sahate (inf. -sáham, [TBr. i, 1, 6, 1]) to endure, bear, [TBr.]; [AitBr. iii, 44, 5]; [ŚBr. i, 3, 3, 13]; to be able, be adequate, have power (with inf. or dat. of abstr. noun); to act with courage or energy, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Śak.]; [Pañcat.] &c.: Caus. -sāhayati, to animate, encourage, excite, [MBh.]; [Kathās.] : Desid. of the Caus. (p. -sisāhayiṣat) to wish to excite or encourage, [Bhaṭṭ. ix, 69.]
ut-√ sṛj (ud-√ sṛj) P. Ā. -sṛjati, -te, to let loose, let off or go ; to set free; to open, [RV.]; [AitBr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.] & [ĀśvŚr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [MBh.]; [Śak.] &c.; to pour out, emit, send forth, [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to sling, throw, cast forth or away; to lay aside, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Mṛcch.] &c.; to quit, leave, abandon, avoid, eschew, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to discontinue, suspend, cease, leave off, [TS.]; [TBr.]; [TāṇḍyaBr.]; [KātyŚr.] &c.; to send away, dismiss, discharge, [AitBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.]; to drive out or away, [ŚBr.]; to hand out, deliver, grant, give, [AV. xii, 3, 46]; [BhP.]; [R.]; [Mālatīm.]; to bring forth, produce, create, [AV. vi, 36, 2]; [R.] : Desid. -sisṛkṣati, to intend to let loose, [PārGṛ.]; to intend to leave, [BhP.]
ut-√ sṛp (ud-√ sṛp) P. -sarpati, to creep out or upwards; to rise up, glide or soar upwards, [AV. vi, 134, 2]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [BhP.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to glide along, move on slowly, [TBr.]; [ĀśvŚr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Gobh.] &c.: Desid. -sisṛpsati (p. -sísṛpsat) to wish to get up, [RV. viii, 14, 14]; [BhP.]
ut-√ sic (ud-√ sic) P. Ā. -siñcati, -te, to pour upon, make full; to cause to flow over, [RV. vii, 16, 11]; [x, 105, 10]; [VS. xx, 28]; [ŚBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Kauś.]; to make proud or arrogant (see the Pass.) : Pass. -sicyate, to become full, flow over, foam over, [BhP.] ; to be puffed up, become haughty or proud, [Ragh. xvii, 43.]
ut-√ tap (ud-√ tap) P. -tapati, to make warm or hot; to heat thoroughly, [Rājat.]; [Lāṭy.] &c.; to pain, torment, press hard, [Rājat.]; [Śiś.] &c.: Ā. -tapate, to shine forth, give out heat, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 27]; to warm one's self or a part of one's body, [Kāty.] on [Pāṇ. i, 3, 27] : Caus. -tāpayati, to warm up, heat, [MBh.]; to excite, urge on [Sāh.]
ut-√ tul (ud-√ tul) P. -tolayati, to take up (a sword), [Tantras.]; to erect, set up Comm. on [Prab.]; to raise up (by means of a counterpoise); to weigh; to raise, excite (anger &c.)
ut-kala m. (perhaps fr. ud-√ kal?) N. of the country Orissa (see Oḍra; the word is interpreted to mean ‘the glorious country’ [[Hunter]]; or ‘lying beyond, the outlying strip of land’ [[Beames]]; according to others it merely means ‘the country of bird-catchers’)
ut-√ kamp (ud-√ kamp) Ā. -kampate, to tremble, shudder, [Kathās.]; [Gīt.] : Caus. P. -kampayati, to cause to, tremble; to shake up, rouse; to agitate, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]