a particle and prefix to verbs and nouns. (As implying superiority in place, rank, station, or power) up, upwards
upon, on
over, above. (As implying separation and disjunction) out, out of, from, off, away from, apart. (According to native authorities may also imply publicity, pride, indisposition, weakness, helplessness, binding, loosing, existence, acquisition.) is not used as a separable adverb or preposition
in those rare cases, in which it appears in the Veda uncompounded with a verb, the latter has to be supplied from the context (e.g. úd útsam śatádhāram, [AV. iii, 24, 4], out (pour) a fountain of a hundred streams). is sometimes repeated in the Veda to fill out the verse, [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6] (kiṃ na ud ud u harṣase dātavā u, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ.])
, [cf. Zend uz; Hib. uas and in composition os, ois, e.g. os-car, ‘a leap, bound’, &c. See also uttamá, 1. úttara, &c.]
or und cl. 7. P. unátti ([RV. v, 85, 4]) : cl. 6. P. undati (p. undát, [RV. ii, 3, 2] : Impv. 3. pl. undantu, [AV. vi, 68, 1]; [2]) Ā. undáte ([AV. v, 19, 4]; undāṃ cakāra, undiṣyati &c., [Dhātup. xxix, 20]) to flow or issue out, spring (as water); to wet, bathe, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [PārGṛ.] &c.: Caus. (aor. aundidat, [Vop. xviii, 1]) : Desid. undidiṣati, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 3]; [cf. Gk. ὕδωρ; Lat. unda; Goth. vat-o; Old High Germ. waz-ar; Mod. Eng. wat-er; Lith. wand-ū́.]
ud-e (ud-ā-√ i) P. -éti (Impv. 2. sg. udéhi, [AV. v, 30, 11], &c.) to go up, rise, arise from, come up, move upwards, [RV. vi, 5, 1]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.]; to move out, come out of, go out, [ŚBr.]; [VS.]; to arise, be produced.
ud-√ ṛ P. -iyarti (pf. 2. sg. -ā́rithā, [RV. ii, 9, 3]; aor. -ārat, [RV. iv, 58, 1]) Ā. (aor. -ārta, [RV. vii, 35, 7]) to start up, rise, come up; to move up, raise, excite, [RV. i, 113, 17]; [iii, 8, 5], &c. : Caus. -arpayati, to cause to rise or prosper, [RV. ii, 33, 4]; [KātyŚr.]
ud-√ i P. -éti, -etum (and úd-etos, [Maitr. i, 6, 10]) to go up to, proceed or move up, proceed, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to rise (as the sun or a star &c.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.]; [VarBṛS.] &c.; to come up (as a cloud), [Mṛcch.]; [R.]; to start up, rise up against, march off, [AV. iii, 4, 1]; [MBh.]; [Kum.]; to rise, raise one's self; to increase, be enhanced; to be conceited or proud, [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Śiś. ii, 33]; [RPrāt.] &c. ; to go out of; to come out or arise from, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to escape, [ChUp.]; [Śak.] &c.: Pass. (impers. -īyate) to be risen, [Subh.]
ud-√ ās Ā. -āste, to sit separate or away from, sit on one side or apart; to abstain from participating in; to take no interest in, be unconcerned about, be indifferent or passive, [MBh.]; [BhP.]; [Śiś.] &c.; to pass by, omit, [Sarvad.]
ud-√ bhū P. -bhavati, to come up to, reach, be equal, [ŚBr.]; [TBr.]; to rise, rise against, [Kathās.]; to come forth, arise, exist, spring from, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [Hariv.]; [Rājat.] &c.; to shoot forth, increase, grow larger, thrive, [MaitrUp.]; [Naiṣ.] : Caus. -bhāvayati, to cause to exist, produce, [Ragh. ii, 62]; [Vedāntas.]; to make apparent, show, explain, [MBh.]; [Sāh.] &c.; to speak of, mention, [Prasannar.] Comm. on [Bādar.]; to consider, think (with two acc.), [Vcar. ix, 19.]
ud-bhū mf(BvI/)n(Bu/). ‘being up to what is wanted’, sufficient
ud-√ bhṛ P. Ā. -bharati, -te (pf. -jabhāra pres. p. -bhárat; but -bibhrat, [Gīt. i, 16]) to take or carry away or out, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; to take for one's self, choose, select, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to raise up, elevate, [RV. viii, 19, 23]; to carry above, raise up, [Gīt.]
ud-√ dhū P. Ā. -dhūnoti and -dhunoti, -nute, to rouse up, shake up, move, cause to rise (dust), [RV. x, 23, 4]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; [VarBṛS.] &c.; to throw upwards, lift up, [MBh.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to kindle; to disturb, excite, [MBh.] &c.; to shake off, throw off; to expel.
ud-√ dhṛ P. Ā. -dharati, -te (in many cases not to be distinguished from 2. ud-dhṛ below ; the impf. and pf. are the only forms clearly referable to this root), to bring out of, draw out, [MBh.]; [R.]; to raise up, elevate, honour (see also 2. ud-dhṛ below) : Desid. -didhīrṣati, to wish to draw out, [Caṇḍak.]; [Siddh.]
ud-dhṛ (ud-√ hṛ, in some cases not to be distinguished from 1. ud-√ dhṛ) P. Ā. -dharati, -te (p. -dhárat, [RV.]; pf. 3. pl. új-jaharus, [AV. iii, 9, 6]; aor. -ahārṣam, [AV.]) to take out, draw out, bring or tear out, pull out, eradicate; to extricate, [RV. x, 68, 4]; [AV. viii, 2, 15]; [xx, 136, 16]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [KātyŚr.]; [MBh.]; [Śak.] &c.; to draw, ladle up, skim, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Lāṭy.]; [R.]; to take away (fire, or anything from the fire), [TS.]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] &c.; to raise, lift up, [TS.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Mn.] &c.; to rescue (from danger &c.), deliver, free, save, [AV. viii, 2, 28]; [MaitrUp.]; [MBh.]; [Vikr.] &c.; to put away or off, remove; to separate, [MBh.]; [BhP.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to leave out, omit; to except (see ud-dhṛtya); to select, choose: Ā. to take for one's self, [AV. iii, 9, 6]; [TS.]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Mn.] &c.; to extend, elevate, raise; to make strong or brisk or quick, [MBh.]; [Suśr.]; [MārkP.] &c.; to present, offer, [Yājñ. i, 159]; [BhP. iv, 30, 47]; to root out, destroy, undo, [MBh.]; [Ragh.]; [Prab.] &c.; to divide (in math.) : Caus. -dhārayati, to raise, up-lift, [MBh.]; to take for one's self, [MBh. xiv, 1928] : Desid. uj-jihīrṣati, to wish to draw out or to rescue, [Mn. iv, 251]; [MBh.]
ud-√ īr Ā. -īrte (3. pl. -ī́rate, [RV.]; [AV.]; Impv. 2. sg. -īrṣva, [RV. x, 18, 8]; [AV.]; impf. -airata, [RV. vii, 39, 1]; p. -ī́rāṇa, [AV. xii, 1, 28]; [RV.]) P. (Subj. 3. sg. -ī́rat, [RV. iv, 2, 7]; aor. 2. du. -airatam, [RV. i, 118, 6]) to bring or fetch out of [RV. i, 118, 6]; to rise, start off (in order to go or to come), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; to move upwards, ascend; to arise, originate, [RV.]; [AV.]; to honour, respect, [RV. iv, 2, 7]; (in class. Sanskṛt only ud-īrṇa occurs) : Caus. -īrayati, to bring or fetch out of [RV. i, 112, 5]; [x, 39, 9]; to cause to rise or move; to raise, rouse, excite, [RV.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Daś.]; to throw or cast upwards; to cast, discharge, drive forward, [R.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cause to come forth or appear, [Kum.]; to raise one's voice; to utter, speak, [RV.]; [Yājñ.]; [Mn.] &c.; to procure, cause, effect, [RV. i, 48, 2]; [x, 39, 2]; [TS.]; [Suśr.]; to excite, raise, enhance, multiply, increase, [Suśr.]; [Kum.] &c.; to extol, glorify, [RV. v, 42, 3]; [MBh.]; to stir up, urge, stimulate, [RV.]; [R.]; to rise, start off, [RV. v, 55, 5]; [viii, 7, 3]: Pass. -īryate, to be cast or thrown upwards, [R.]; to be excited, be roused or stirred up, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Suśr.]; [Kum.] &c.; to be uttered or announced or enunciated; to pass for, [VP.]; [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to sound; to issue forth.
ud-√ 1. ūh P. Ā. -ūhati, -te, to push or press upwards, move or bear upwards; to throw or turn out, sweep out, push out, [AV. xi, 1, 9]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] Comm. on [TBr. iii, 8, 4, 3]; [BhP.] &c.; to bring out of [Vait.]; to heighten (an accent), [SaṃhUp. iii, 3.]
ud-√ aj P. Ā. -ajati, -te (impf. -ā́jat, [RV. ii, 12, 3], &c., and úd-ājat, [RV. ii, 24, 3]) to drive out, expel, [RV.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; to fetch out of [RV. i, 95, 7.]
udán (for 2. See s.v.) n. Ved. (defective in the strong cases, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 63]) a wave, water, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [Kāṭh.]
ud-√ an (for 1. See p. 183, col. 3) P. -aniti (and āniti, [BṛĀrUp. iii, 4, 1]; cf. vy-√ an; p. -anát, [ŚBr.]; aor. 3. pl. -āniṣus, [AV. iii, 13, 4]) to breathe upwards, emit the breath in an upward direction; to breathe out, breathe, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]
ud-√ 2. as P. -asyati, to cast or throw up; to raise, erect, elevate, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; to throw out, expel, [ŚBr. ii, 6, 2, 16]; [KātyŚr.]; to throw (a weapon), [Naiṣ.]
ud-√ gai P. -gāyati (-gāti, [ŚāṅkhBr. xvii, 7]) to begin to sing; to sing or chant (applied especially to the singing or chanting of the Sāmaveda cf. ud-gātṛ́), [RV. x, 67, 3]; [AV. ix, 6, 45]-[48.]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [TS.]; [Lāṭy.] &c. ; to sing out loud, [Śiś. vi, 20]; to announce or celebrate in song, sing before any one (with acc.); to fill with song, [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.]; [Ragh.] &c.
ud-√ gṝ P. -girati, to eject (from the mouth), spit out, vomit out or up, belch out; to pour out, discharge, spout, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Mṛcch.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to force out (a sound), utter; to breathe out; to raise from, [Rājat.]; [Kathās.] &c.: Caus. P. -girayati (irr.), to raise (sounds), utter, [Pañcat.]
ud-√ vai P. -vā́yati (aor. -avāsīt, [ŚBr. x, 3, 3, 8]) to become weak or languish, faint, be extinguished, go out (as fire), die, [TS.]; [TBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] : Caus. -vā́payati, to cause to extinguish or go out, [TBr. i, 4, 4, 7.]
ud-√ yā P. -yāti, to rise (as the sun), [RV. x, 37, 3]; to go out or away, start from, [ŚBr. xiv, 5, 4, 1]; [Ragh.]; to raise one's self, rise, [Gīt.]; [Kathās.]; to rise, originate from, [Rājat.]; [Naiṣ.]; to excel, surpass (acc.), [MārkP.]
ud-ā-√ hṛ P. -ā́-harati, to set up, put up, [ŚBr. i, 1, 1, 22]; to relate, declare, announce; to quote, cite, illustrate; to name, call, [ŚBr.]; [Gobh.]; [ĀśvŚr.]; [Baudh.]; [MBh.]; [RPrāt.] &c.: Pass. -hriyáte, to be set up or put up, [TS. vi, 2, 9, 4.]
ud-ā-√ 1. kṛ P. Ā. -karoti, -kurute, (impf. -ā́kar, [RV. x, 67, 4]) to expel, drive out; to fetch out of [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [TS.]; to select, choose, [AV. xii, 4, 41]; [ŚBr. iii, 3, 1, 14]; (only Ā. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 32]) to prick, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. i, 3, 32]; to revile, abuse, [ib.]
one of the five vital airs of the human body (that which is in the throat and rises upwards), [Vedāntas. 97]; [AV. xi, 8, 4]; [VS.]; [ChUp.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Suśr.] &c.
the navel, [L.]
an eyelash, [L.]
a kind of snake, [L.]
joy, heart's joy ([Buddh.])
(with Buddhists) one of the 9 divisions of sacred scriptures, [Dharmas. 62] ([MWB. 63])
ud-√ bhās P. Ā. -bhāsati, -te, to come forth or appear brightly, shine, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Kathās.]; to become visible, strike, [MBh. v, 728] : Caus. P. Ā. -bhāsayati, -te, to illuminate, light up, [Hariv.]; [VP.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Kathās.]; to make apparent or prominent, cause to come forth, [Bhartṛ.] Comm. on [Kum. i, 2]; to render brilliant or beautiful, [Mṛcch.]; [Ragh.]
ud-dhṛṣ (ud-√ hṛṣ), Ved. Ā. -[d]harṣate, to be excited with joy, rejoice; to do anything with joy or pleasure, [RV. iv, 21, 9]; [AV. iii, 19, 6]; (in class. lang.) P. -dhṛṣyati, to be merry or in high spirits; to flare upwards, [AitBr. iii, 4, 5]; to open (as a calyx), [BhP.] : Caus. -dharṣayati (3. pl. -dharṣáyanti, [RV.]) to make merry or in high spirits, rejoice, cheer, [RV. v, 21, 5]; [x, 103, 10]; [AV. v, 20, 8]; to make brisk, encourage, [MBh.]; [MārkP.]
ud-√ ghaṭ Caus. -ghāṭayati, to open, unlock, unfasten, unveil; to peel, shell, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [Mṛcch.]; [VarBṛS.] &c.; to expose; to betray, [Pañcat.]; [Kathās.]; to commence, begin, [Hit.]; to rub over, stroke; to tickle.
ud-√ ghuṣ P. -ghoṣati, to sound; to cry out, [MBh.]; to fill with cries; to proclaim aloud, [Sarvad.] : Caus. -ghoṣayati, to cause to sound aloud, [Rājat.]; to declare aloud, proclaim, noise abroad, [Mṛcch.]; [Kathās.]; [Rājat.]
uda—dhí m. ‘water-receptacle’, a cloud; river, sea; the ocean, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]; [R.]; [Śak.]; [Mn.] &c. (in classical Sanskṛt only the ocean)
ud-√ añc P. -acati [Ved.] and -añcati, to elevate, raise up, lift up, throw up, [RV. v, 83, 8]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to ladle out, [AV.] Comm. on [Pāṇ.]; to cause, effect, [Prasannar.]; to rise, arise, [Bālar.]; [Sāh.]; to resound, [Rājat.] : Pass. -acyate, to be thrown out; to come forth, proceed, [BṛĀrUp. v, 1] : Caus. -añcayati, to draw up, raise, elevate, [Daś.]; [Bālar.]; to send forth, utter, cause to resound (see ud-añcita).
úd-ac or úd-añc (ud- añc), mf(IcI)n. turned or going upwards, upper, upwards (opposed to adharāñc), [RV. ii, 15, 6]; [x, 86, 22]; [ChUp.] &c.; turned to the north, northern (opposed to dakṣiṇa), [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; subsequent, posterior, [L.]; (udīcī), f. (scil. diś) the northern quarter, the north; ( údak; for 1. see col. 1) ind. above; northward, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.; subsequently, [L.]
the interior or inside of anything (udare, inside, in the interior), [Pañcat.]; [Śak.]; [Ragh.]; [Mṛcch.] &c.
enlargement of the abdomen (from dropsy or flatulence), any morbid abdominal affection (as of the liver, spleen &c.; eight kinds are enumerated), [Suśr.]
the thick part of anything (e.g. of the thumb), [Suśr.] Comm. on [Yājñ.]
ud-√ diś P. Ā. -diśati, -te, to show or direct towards, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [TBr.]; to point out, signify, declare, determine, [R.]; [Mn.]; [Megh.]; [Śak.] &c.; to speak of; to say, enunciate, prophesy, [R.]; [Śak.]; to mean, point at, take for; to aim at, intend, destine, [MārkP.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to explain, instruct, teach, [Bhartṛ.]
ud-díś k, f. a particular point or direction of the compass (cf. ā-díś), [VS. vi, 19]; [ĀśvGṛ.]